the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 08 Jan 2024
Grand challenges of Wind Energy Science – Meeting the needs and services of the power system
Abstract. The share of wind power in power systems is increasing dramatically and this is happening in parallel with increased penetration of solar photovoltaics, storage, other inverter-based technologies, and electrification of other sectors. Integrating all these technologies in a cost-effective manner while maintaining (or improving) power system reliability is challenging and is driving radical changes to planning and operations paradigms. Wind power can maximise its long-term value to the power system by balancing the needs it imposes on the power system with its contribution to addressing these needs with services. Research in wind power should be guided by this balanced approach and by concentrating on its advantages over competitors. The research challenges within the wind technology itself are many and varied with control and coordination internally being a focal point in parallel with a strong need for coordination with research in other technologies such as storage, power electronics and power systems that together are fundamental and potentially profound. This is all driven by the unchanging nature of the fundamental objective of power systems – maintaining supply demand balance reliably at least cost.
- Preprint
(1159 KB) - Metadata XML
- BibTeX
- EndNote
Status: final response (author comments only)
-
RC1: 'Comment on wes-2023-179', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Feb 2024
The paper is well structured and a complete overview of the present status of wind plants services to the grid and their possible evolutions, challenges, and research needs. It is very useful not only to scientific community but to all wind energy stakeholders including policy makers. Very few editorial change are required
-
RC2: 'Comment on wes-2023-179', Anonymous Referee #2, 26 Feb 2024
The paper summarizes and discusses future challenges associated with the integration of wind turbines (and PV systems). Overall, the review is very comprehensive, although many aspects do not relate exclusively to challenges in the wind sector, but generally to the integration of renewable sources that are connected to the grid via power electronics. At first, I found it difficult to identify the actual content of the paper or the specific contribution. The structuring could be revised to some extent and a stronger connection to the classification of stability definitions could also be established at this time. This could help the reader to better understand the chosen structure and the topics addressed. In addition, legal framework conditions, norms, and standards, which already require (or completely overlook) some aspects, should be addressed in some places. The role of politics and grid operators could also discussed more often.
Here are some specific questions to the authors and comments that could further improve the paper:
Abstract: The abstract of the paper gives the reader little idea of what the paper is actually about. What is the contribution? This should be better emphasized.
Line 49: How is a synchronous power system defined? Could you elaborate on this?
Line 77: Please also provide a brief explanation of non-synchrounous. In the end, it's a question of control, isn't it?
Footnote 6: What about wind turbines that are equipped with a DFIG? The sentence about modern wind turbines doesn't really fit.
Figure1: Figure 1 appears very large and contains the main information in text form. I wonder whether four individual figures are really necessary.
Figure 2: The word “model” in relation to the different machine types is somewhat misleading.
Line 141: In which power and voltage range is type IV the most widespread? Does this apply to onshore and offshore turbines? And what exactly is meant by “now”, i.e., type IV is now the most frequently installed type worldwide, if we compare all installed turbines?
Line 163: What does it mean that the SMs may not be at the correct location? This paragraph is about frequency maintenance and not about voltage maintenance, which is a local problem. Please explain.
Line 277: The contribution should be introduced beforehand so that the reader knows exactly what the paper is about from the outset (see my comment on the abstract). Perhaps a closer connection to the well-known classification of stability definitions in the power grid would be helpful in understanding the structure of the paper.
Line 422, 439: Please give more details about the amount of stored energy that can be used to e.g., maintain the frequency.
Line 557: The listed events are rather associated with oscillations in the low-frequency range. I miss a paragraph on harmonic stability, its possible root causes and possible solutions. This topic will be particularly interesting for future HVDC connections.
Line 695: I would be careful with such formulations.
Tables 1-4: I wonder if it wouldn't be better to place the tables at the end of each paragraph to summarize the (sub)section compactly. Please reconsider this. In this context, I would also appreciate if the tables contained references to literature that deals with the respective topic / challenge and discusses possible solutions.
Line 762: A general comment/question: to what extent can the win industry control this or should it come from standardization, grid operators or politics?
Line 835: Personally, I think the conclusion is too long. It could be divided into a discussion, recommendations and a "real conclusion".
General remarks: There is often mentioned "wind and solar PV", even though the title (and journal) is clearly about wind. The focus should be more sharpened. Further, the figures generally do not have a high resolution. This should be improved. The text in the figures is also not so easy to read.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-179-RC2 -
CC1: 'Comment on wes-2023-179', S M Shafiul Alam, 26 Feb 2024
Discussion on Type 5 Wind Turbine on page 20, lines 624 - 631 seeks improvement. Specifically, why is it not as broadly deployed as Type 3 or Type 4 and what activities are in progress to support Type 5 turbine's broader deployment? Helpful references are given below:
1) https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2021.3139246
2) https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012018/meta
3) https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM52003.2023.10253195
4) https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech55446.2023.10202811
5) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2891962
Disclaimer: this community comment is written by an individual and does not necessarily reflect the opinion of their employer.Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-179-CC1
Viewed
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 369 | 126 | 13 | 508 | 12 | 7 |
- HTML: 369
- PDF: 126
- XML: 13
- Total: 508
- BibTeX: 12
- EndNote: 7
Viewed (geographical distribution)
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1