<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">WESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Wind Energy Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">WESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2366-7621</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/wes-2025-279</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Verification-Based Assessment of Modelling Assumptions in Discrete-Event Simulation of Operation and Maintenance for Floating Offshore Wind</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Lu-Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mancini</surname>
<given-names>Simone</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hernando</surname>
<given-names>Daniel Mulas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hammond</surname>
<given-names>Rob</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4476-6406</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Kessler Park 1, 2288 GH Rijswijk, NL</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Lu-Jan Huang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-279/">This article is available from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-279/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-279/wes-2025-279.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-279/wes-2025-279.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Floating offshore wind offers access to deep-water wind resources but remains challenged by high and uncertain operation and maintenance (O&amp;amp;M) costs. Discrete-event simulation (DES) models are widely used to evaluate O&amp;amp;M strategies, yet variations in modelling assumptions often lead to inconsistent estimates and limit confidence in their use for decision support. This study applies a structured verification framework to examine how key assumptions influence O&amp;amp;M simulation outcomes, using two DES-based models configured with a harmonized deep-water floating wind reference case. While maintenance cost estimates remain broadly consistent across models, substantial differences arise in wind farm availability and in downtime-related revenue losses, which constitute a major share of total O&amp;amp;M costs. These differences are driven primarily by how turbine operational states are represented during maintenance activities, including off-shift periods and tow-to-port operations. Quantifying the influence of these assumptions provides generalizable insight relevant to the wider O&amp;amp;M modelling community, where such choices are implemented inconsistently. Building on the verified modelling foundation, several alternative O&amp;amp;M strategies including service operation vessel&amp;ndash;based logistics, floating-to-floating major component replacement, and condition-based maintenance are evaluated, yielding total O&amp;amp;M cost reductions of up to 5 % in the examined case. The findings strengthen model transparency and reproducibility while demonstrating how verified simulation tools can support the assessment of emerging operational concepts in floating offshore wind.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="39"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>U.S. Department of Energy</funding-source>
<award-id>DE-AC36-08GO28308</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>