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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">WESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Wind Energy Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">WESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2366-7621</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/wes-2026-100</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Turbulence characterization in near-coastal environment using triple short-range lidars and mast anemometry</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vogt</surname>
<given-names>Lennart</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1446-9876</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gottschall</surname>
<given-names>Julia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-9247</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jakobsen</surname>
<given-names>Jasna Bogunovic</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger,  Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Lennart Vogt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-100/">This article is available from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-100/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-100/wes-2026-100.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-100/wes-2026-100.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Single- and two-point turbulence spectra derived from wind velocity measurements at a near-coastal site in northern Germany are analyzed across a wide range of atmospheric stability conditions. Spectral estimates are obtained from sonic and cup anemometer data, as well as from velocity time series reconstructed using a system of three synchronized short-range scanning lidars. A high level of agreement is observed at low and intermediate frequencies, with all measurement systems capturing key spectral features, including a plateau under convective conditions and a spectral gap in stable stratification. At higher frequencies, discrepancies arise due to spatial and temporal averaging effects inherent in the lidar and cup anemometer measurements. Spatial coherence estimates are comparatively less affected by these limitations and show high agreement, with exceptions. The synchronized lidar system is found highly suitable for coherence analysis, offering flexibility in terms of separation direction, distance, and height. Empirical models are fitted to the auto-spectra and coherence estimates to derive the model parameters as functions of atmospheric stability.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="37"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Norges Forskningsråd</funding-source>
<award-id>325294</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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</article>