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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">WESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Wind Energy Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">WESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/wes-2026-184</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Effect of atmospheric stability transition on wind-turbine wake dynamics</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feng</surname>
<given-names>Dachuan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-974X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Wen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>Minping</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Watson</surname>
<given-names>Simon J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-3149</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>College of Automotive and Energy, Tongji University, 201804 Shanghai, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>16</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Dachuan Feng et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-184/">This article is available from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-184/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-184/wes-2026-184.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-184/wes-2026-184.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The diurnal transition of the atmospheric boundary layer from thermally stable to unstable stratification subjects wind turbines to rapidly evolving inflow, yet the wake dynamics during this non-equilibrium period remain poorly characterized. Here we use measurement-assimilated large-eddy simulation to reconstruct the boundary-layer evolution observed on 26 September 2023 at the King Plains wind farm during the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) field campaign, and we analyze the resulting turbine wake and power production across three regimes identified during the transition: stable, transitional, and unstable. As the boundary layer becomes increasing unstable, the hub-height turbulence intensity increases by roughly an order of magnitude compared to stable night-time conditions and the characteristic length scale of atmospheric motion grows from a few rotor diameters to the full boundary-layer depth. Resolvent analysis, applied around the time-averaged wake in each regime, show that the dominant wake-turbulence mechanism shifts from a single low-rank, shear-driven coherent structure under stable stratification to a higher-rank, buoyancy-driven state under unstable stratification, with the transitional regime exhibiting hybrid behavior. The array-averaged power, its variability, and its spectral content change significantly over a period of a few hours, demonstrating that steady-state stability classifications do not adequately represent the dynamics of the diurnal cycle.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="21"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme</funding-source>
<award-id>101084216</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities</funding-source>
<award-id>22120260439</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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