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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">WESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Wind Energy Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">WESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/wes-2026-207</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Aeroacoustic radiation from a vertical-axis wind turbine resolved by lattice Boltzmann simulations with body-fitted overset grids</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kusano</surname>
<given-names>Kazuya</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-5711</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nagatomi</surname>
<given-names>Sota</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501,  Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Kazuya Kusano</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-207/">This article is available from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-207/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-207/wes-2026-207.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-207/wes-2026-207.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Blade number affects both the power performance and aerodynamic noise of vertical-axis wind turbines, but their phase relationships remain insufficiently understood. This study compares one- and two-bladed straight-bladed Darrieus rotors at a tip-speed ratio of 4.5 using three-dimensional direct aeroacoustic simulations. A hybrid lattice Boltzmann method with body-fitted overset grids resolves flow, sound generation, and propagation. Compared with standard lattice Boltzmann simulations, the hybrid method predicts mean streamwise wake velocities closer to measurements, although this agreement does not validate the acoustic predictions. For both blade counts, the principal radiation peaks occur near phases of rapid change in the power coefficient rather than at maximum power. The single-blade rotor radiates most strongly during upstream passage, consistent with a contribution from rapid aerodynamic load changes at high tip-speed ratio. Adding an opposed blade increases the pressure-based radiation indicator substantially more than the mean power coefficient. Reinforcement of waves from the opposed blades may contribute, but its contribution is not separated from changes in blade loading. These findings connect blade-count effects on power performance with phase-dependent pressure radiation. The indicator includes hydrodynamic pressure fluctuations; short, unequal records and a spanwise-periodic rotor model limit generalization to turbine noise.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
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