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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">WESD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Wind Energy Science Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">WESD</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2366-7621</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name></publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/wes-2026-58</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Synthetic generation of long turbulent wind time series using hindcast model forcing for offshore wind farm simulation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pauchet</surname>
<given-names>Louis</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6319-0760</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chabaud</surname>
<given-names>Valentin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bakhoday Paskyabi</surname>
<given-names>Mostafa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>SINTEF Energy Research, Postboks 4761 Torgarden, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>INSA Rouen Normandie, 685 Av. de l’Université, 76800 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Bergen Offshore Wind Centre, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Louis Pauchet et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-58/">This article is available from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-58/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-58/wes-2026-58.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2026-58/wes-2026-58.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Offshore wind energy is crucial for the transition to a low-carbon society, and accurate modeling of turbulent wind fields is essential for the design and operation of offshore wind farms. This study aims to bridge the gap between mesoscale and microscale wind fluctuations to generate long time series that are statistically and spectrally representative of real observations, capturing the non-stationary nature of turbulence. Mesoscale data from NORA3 is combined with microscale spectra from Cheynet et al. (2018) using methodologies from Veers (1988); S&amp;oslash;rensen et al. (2002); Chabaud (2024a) and the splicing technique introduced in Chabaud (2024b). The validation process uses observational data from the FINO1 weather mast. The model accurately reproduces the wind statistics. The along wind turbulence intensity is within a 85 % confidence interval of &amp;plusmn;0.02 for 2 h simulations. The model is performing slightly better in stable conditions. The spectral representation is also good for periods between 2 min and 24 h. There, a mesoscale term is added to the microscale model following Lars&amp;eacute;n et al. (2013) &amp;mdash;fitted parameters are provided&amp;mdash; to bridge the gap between the hourly resolution of NORA3 and the typical minute-scale microscale range. The good performances and low computational needs of the presented methodology open new possibilities for the modeling of turbulence intensity, for instance for forecasting.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="27"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility</funding-source>
<award-id>101122184</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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