the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 16 Aug 2024
Mitigation of Power System Oscillations in Wind Farm Integrated Multi-Machine System using PSS and TCSC
Abstract. Nowadays, the rapid growth of wind power is utilized by integrating wind farm with electrical network. The induction generator used in the wind farms, on the appearance of fault create the sub synchronous resonance as well as power oscillations. This paper reports the mitigation of power system oscillations by using power system stabilizer aided TCSC. For analyzing the performance of the wind-farm integrated test system, various parameters (line power, bus voltages, rotor angle deviation, active & re-active power) of the test system are observed under random speed variation with different types of faults. The PSS and TCSC are used to stabilize the resulting over damped oscillations system parameters. The settling time of the oscillations of one parameter is reduced by 45.14 % when coordinated PSS and TCSC is used in place of PSS alone. After rigorous comparison, it is found that the presented TCSC exhibits excellent performance in fast damping of power system oscillation and thereby enhances the stability of the existing system.
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RC1: 'Comment on wes-2024-75', Anonymous Referee #1, 01 Sep 2024
This was a refreshingly short and focused paper, addressing the use of a TCSC in a power system containing a small wind farm. The power system was modelled as a single 500 kV line connecting two synchronous generators of 1000 MVA and 5000 MVA capacity rating. The synchronous generators were equipped with PSS. The wind farm of 4x3 MW induction generator fixed speed wind turbines appeared to be connected at 500 kV, which would be unusual.
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The paper could be Improved in several ways.
- Details of the model and the software used for its solution should be added. This could all be placed in an Appendix providing sufficient detail for other workers to reproduce the same results.
- The induction generators do not appear to have their own shunt capacitor compensation and it would be interesting to see if that makes any difference to the results.
- Figure 5 appears to indicate a much larger windfarm than the one stated in the text. Is there a typographic error?
- The Y-axes of Figures 9 and 10 should be changed to useful units rather than use exponents.
- It is unclear if the line was spontaneously tripped or if a short circuit fault that collapses all the voltages was applied. This needs to be clarified. A 3-phase fault lasting two seconds is extremely long for a transmission system and not realistic. Such a long duration short circuit fault would be likely to de-stabilise any high voltage transmission system.
- The short circuit level at the point of connection of the wind farm should be added to the paper and the ratio of induction generator capacity to network short circuit level stated. With a 12 MW wind form the short circuit ratio seems rather low and the effect of such a small wind farm on a reasonably strong system appears to be unusual.
- It is recognised that a combination of TCSC and PSS will be very complicated, but the paper would benefit from drawing some general results from the studies.
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Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-75-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on wes-2024-75', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Oct 2024
What type of wind farm is being used - Type 1?
Fig. 2 - how are the PSS parameters selected?
Fig. 5 - why are there oscillations without the wind farm? What disturbance has occurred before 16 seconds in Fig 5?
If the wind farm rating is only 12 MW relative to a system demand of 1000 MW, why is it having such a noticeable impact on system stability?
Fig 4b - how is the wind speed time series obtained?
Section 5.1 - what type of fault has been applied and where has it been applied?
Fig 9 axis says measurement unit is MW, so graph values should not be multiplied by 10exp10
Section 5.2 - 2 seconds is a very long fault - what happens to the rotor angles of the sync machines? Where is the fault applied?
Fig 11 - line power of which line? Rotor angle at which bus?
List references in alphabetical order
In summary, the paper lacks many details of the simulation setup including controller design and the test conditions. It is surprising to see that a 12 MW wind farm can have such a destabilising effect against a system demand of 1000 MW. The cost of the TCSC should be considered as part of justifying its application here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-75-RC2
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on wes-2024-75', Anonymous Referee #1, 01 Sep 2024
This was a refreshingly short and focused paper, addressing the use of a TCSC in a power system containing a small wind farm. The power system was modelled as a single 500 kV line connecting two synchronous generators of 1000 MVA and 5000 MVA capacity rating. The synchronous generators were equipped with PSS. The wind farm of 4x3 MW induction generator fixed speed wind turbines appeared to be connected at 500 kV, which would be unusual.
Â
The paper could be Improved in several ways.
- Details of the model and the software used for its solution should be added. This could all be placed in an Appendix providing sufficient detail for other workers to reproduce the same results.
- The induction generators do not appear to have their own shunt capacitor compensation and it would be interesting to see if that makes any difference to the results.
- Figure 5 appears to indicate a much larger windfarm than the one stated in the text. Is there a typographic error?
- The Y-axes of Figures 9 and 10 should be changed to useful units rather than use exponents.
- It is unclear if the line was spontaneously tripped or if a short circuit fault that collapses all the voltages was applied. This needs to be clarified. A 3-phase fault lasting two seconds is extremely long for a transmission system and not realistic. Such a long duration short circuit fault would be likely to de-stabilise any high voltage transmission system.
- The short circuit level at the point of connection of the wind farm should be added to the paper and the ratio of induction generator capacity to network short circuit level stated. With a 12 MW wind form the short circuit ratio seems rather low and the effect of such a small wind farm on a reasonably strong system appears to be unusual.
- It is recognised that a combination of TCSC and PSS will be very complicated, but the paper would benefit from drawing some general results from the studies.
Â
Â
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-75-RC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on wes-2024-75', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Oct 2024
What type of wind farm is being used - Type 1?
Fig. 2 - how are the PSS parameters selected?
Fig. 5 - why are there oscillations without the wind farm? What disturbance has occurred before 16 seconds in Fig 5?
If the wind farm rating is only 12 MW relative to a system demand of 1000 MW, why is it having such a noticeable impact on system stability?
Fig 4b - how is the wind speed time series obtained?
Section 5.1 - what type of fault has been applied and where has it been applied?
Fig 9 axis says measurement unit is MW, so graph values should not be multiplied by 10exp10
Section 5.2 - 2 seconds is a very long fault - what happens to the rotor angles of the sync machines? Where is the fault applied?
Fig 11 - line power of which line? Rotor angle at which bus?
List references in alphabetical order
In summary, the paper lacks many details of the simulation setup including controller design and the test conditions. It is surprising to see that a 12 MW wind farm can have such a destabilising effect against a system demand of 1000 MW. The cost of the TCSC should be considered as part of justifying its application here.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2024-75-RC2
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