A Perspective on Grand Challenges in Social Aspects of Wind Energy

Abstract. Wind energy is central to the global transition toward zero-carbon energy systems. Yet, its development increasingly intersects with complex social dynamics. This perspective highlights the grand social challenges facing wind energy, emphasising the need to move beyond techno-centric paradigms and toward inclusive, interdisciplinary socio-technical approaches. Drawing on recent research and field experience, we describe five grand social challenges for wind energy: spatial relations, acceptable turbine design, smart integration, public perception, and policy frameworks. We argue that addressing these challenges requires rethinking the relationship between wind energy and society—not as a barrier to overcome, but as a co-creative force in shaping sustainable energy futures.