Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 11
Articles | Volume 10, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2597-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2597-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 11
Research article
 | 
14 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 14 Nov 2025

Non-linear interaction between a synchronous generator and grid-forming-controlled wind turbines – inertial effect enhancement and oscillation mitigation

Chinmayi Wagh, Johan Boukhenfouf, Frédéric Colas, Luis Rouco, and Xavier Guillaud

Cited articles

Avazov, A.: AC Connection of Wind Farms to Transmission System: from Grid-Following to Grid-Forming, Theses, Centrale Lille Institut, Katholieke universiteit te Leuven (1970–...), Faculteit Geneeskunde, https://theses.hal.science/tel-04074095 (last access: 22 April 2025), 2022. a, b, c, d, e
Baruwa, M. and Fazeli, M.: Impact of Virtual Synchronous Machines on Low-Frequency Oscillations in Power Systems, IEEE T. Power Syst., 36, 1934–1946, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3029111, 2021. a, b
Cardozo, C., Prevost, T., Huang, S.-H., Lu, J., Modi, N., Hishida, M., Li, X., Abdalrahman, A., Samuelsson, P., Cutsem, T. V., Laba, Y., Lamrani, Y., Colas, F., and Guillaud, X.: Promises and challenges of grid forming: Transmission system operator, manufacturer and academic view points, Elect. Power Syst. Res., 235, 110855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110855, 2024. a
Chen, L., Du, X., Hu, B., and Blaabjerg, F.: Drivetrain Oscillation Analysis of Grid Forming Type-IV Wind Turbine, IEEE T. Energ. Convers., 37, 2321–2337, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2022.3179609, 2022. a
ENTSOE: High Penetration of Power Electronic Interfaced Power Sources (HPoPEIPS), Tech. rep., https://consultations.entsoe.eu/system-development/entso-e- connection-codes-implementation-guidance-d-3/user_uploads/ igd-high-penetration-of-power-electronic-interfaced-power-sources.pdf (last access: 12 May 2025), 2017.  a
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Short summary
The emergence of inverter-based resources has brought significant changes to power system analysis. Nowadays, grid-forming control is seen as a solution to stabilize the system, but most of the studies consider a constant direct current bus. This paper introduces wind turbine dynamics and studies the interaction between wind turbine, grid forming, and the alternating current grid. Using a simplified model an undamped oscillation is highlighted and analyzed. To mitigate it, two filters are proposed and compared.
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