Articles | Volume 3, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-489-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-489-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 Aug 2018
Research article |
| 15 Aug 2018
| 15 Aug 2018
Wind tunnel study on power output and yaw moments for two yaw-controlled model wind turbines
Jan Bartl
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science And Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Franz Mühle
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Lars Sætran
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science And Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Cited
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Further Study on the Effects of Wind Turbine Yaw Operation for Aiding Active Wake Management J. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10061978
- Lidar measurements of yawed-wind-turbine wakes: characterization and validation of analytical models P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1253-2020
- A new method for simulating multiple wind turbine wakes under yawed conditions D. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109832
- Performance analysis of a ductless Archimedes screw turbine array for deep-sea power supply D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116113
- Modelling Yawed Wind Turbine Wakes: Extension of a Gaussian-Based Wake Model D. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154494
- Experimental wind tunnel study on the effect of cyclic yaw rate on wind turbine performance L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124599
- Control-oriented modelling of wind direction variability S. Dallas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-841-2024
- Asymmetries and similarities of yawed rotor wakes X. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0106745
- Analytical model for the power–yaw sensitivity of wind turbines operating in full wake J. Liew et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-427-2020
- Influence of atmospheric conditions on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines in yaw misalignment M. Howland et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023746
- Expert Elicitation on Wind Farm Control J. van Wingerden et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022025
- Wind-tunnel analysis of wake-steering control strategies on a multi-column model wind farm D. Micheletto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2895-2026
- Performance enhancement of cross-axis-wind-turbine: Design and CFD analysis of an omni-directional flow concentrator C. Rusli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.034
- Field experiment for open-loop yaw-based wake steering at a commercial onshore wind farm in Italy B. Doekemeijer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-159-2021
- Wind tunnel tests for wind turbines: A state-of-the-art review R. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112675
- Assessing Closed-Loop Data-Driven Wind Farm Control Strategies within a Wind Tunnel P. Hulsman et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032049
- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
- Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments J. Duncan Jr. et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-469-2020
- Some observations on wake redirection techniques of tandem wind turbines K. Surujhlal et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255621
- Physical Modelling of Tidal Stream Turbine Wake Structures under Yaw Conditions C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041742
- Numerical Validation of Wind Plant Control Strategies S. Gomez-Iradi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022010
- Effect of yaw angle on the global performances of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine - QBlade simulation D. Husaru et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/595/1/012047
- Experiments on the wake flow behind different configurations of multirotor wind turbines A. Jørs et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012060
- A wind tunnel study on cyclic yaw control: Power performance and wake characteristics G. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117445
- Artificial Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning for Wind Turbine Yaw Control A. Saenz-Aguirre et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030436
- Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines D. Houck https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2668
- Aerodynamic characterization of two tandem wind turbines under yaw misalignment control using actuator line model Y. Tu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114992
- Wake measurement of wind turbine under yawed conditions using UAV anemometry system T. Bao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105720
- Optimizing wind farm control through wake steering using surrogate models based on high-fidelity simulations P. Hulsman et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-309-2020
- Wind farm power optimization via yaw angle control: A wind tunnel study M. Bastankhah & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5077038
- Toward flow control: An assessment of the curled wake model in the FLORIS framework C. Bay et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022033
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022
- Wind plant power maximization via extremum seeking yaw control: A wind tunnel experiment D. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2799
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1521-2021
- Analysis of Wind Turbine Equipment Failure and Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Research H. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108333
- An analytical modeling study on yaw-based wake redirection control for large-scale offshore wind farm annual energy power improvement J. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0207111
- Numerical study of the wake induced by a porous disk under deflected inflow S. Guezmir et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.22491
- Design, steady performance and wake characterization of a scaled wind turbine with pitch, torque and yaw actuation E. Nanos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1263-2022
- Loads assessment of a fixed‐bottom offshore wind farm with wake steering K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2756
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114279
- Experimental and numerical investigation of the yaw moment of a downwind coned wind turbine rotor C. Schulz et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2779
- Influences of Yaw characteristics on the performance of an Archimedes screw hydrokinetic turbine D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116307
- Identification of wind turbine clusters for effective real time yaw control optimization F. Bernardoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036640
- Quantifying the uncertain impact of wind turbine yaw misalignment on power production in a field experiment W. Hector & M. Howland https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0311885
- Initial results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 1 P. Fleming et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-273-2019
- Wake position tracking using dynamic wake meandering model and rotor loads L. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0032917
- Power Maximization and Fatigue-Load Mitigation in a Wind-turbine Array by Active Yaw Control: an LES Study M. Lin & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042036
- Dynamic thrust and power measurement for a scaled floating wind turbine in wind tunnel P. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119188
- A multi-fidelity framework for power prediction of wind farm under yaw misalignment Y. Tu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124600
49 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Further Study on the Effects of Wind Turbine Yaw Operation for Aiding Active Wake Management J. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10061978
- Lidar measurements of yawed-wind-turbine wakes: characterization and validation of analytical models P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1253-2020
- A new method for simulating multiple wind turbine wakes under yawed conditions D. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109832
- Performance analysis of a ductless Archimedes screw turbine array for deep-sea power supply D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116113
- Modelling Yawed Wind Turbine Wakes: Extension of a Gaussian-Based Wake Model D. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154494
- Experimental wind tunnel study on the effect of cyclic yaw rate on wind turbine performance L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124599
- Control-oriented modelling of wind direction variability S. Dallas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-841-2024
- Asymmetries and similarities of yawed rotor wakes X. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0106745
- Analytical model for the power–yaw sensitivity of wind turbines operating in full wake J. Liew et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-427-2020
- Influence of atmospheric conditions on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines in yaw misalignment M. Howland et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0023746
- Expert Elicitation on Wind Farm Control J. van Wingerden et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022025
- Wind-tunnel analysis of wake-steering control strategies on a multi-column model wind farm D. Micheletto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2895-2026
- Performance enhancement of cross-axis-wind-turbine: Design and CFD analysis of an omni-directional flow concentrator C. Rusli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.05.034
- Field experiment for open-loop yaw-based wake steering at a commercial onshore wind farm in Italy B. Doekemeijer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-159-2021
- Wind tunnel tests for wind turbines: A state-of-the-art review R. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112675
- Assessing Closed-Loop Data-Driven Wind Farm Control Strategies within a Wind Tunnel P. Hulsman et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032049
- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
- Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments J. Duncan Jr. et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-469-2020
- Some observations on wake redirection techniques of tandem wind turbines K. Surujhlal et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255621
- Physical Modelling of Tidal Stream Turbine Wake Structures under Yaw Conditions C. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041742
- Numerical Validation of Wind Plant Control Strategies S. Gomez-Iradi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022010
- Effect of yaw angle on the global performances of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine - QBlade simulation D. Husaru et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/595/1/012047
- Experiments on the wake flow behind different configurations of multirotor wind turbines A. Jørs et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012060
- A wind tunnel study on cyclic yaw control: Power performance and wake characteristics G. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117445
- Artificial Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning for Wind Turbine Yaw Control A. Saenz-Aguirre et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030436
- Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines D. Houck https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2668
- Aerodynamic characterization of two tandem wind turbines under yaw misalignment control using actuator line model Y. Tu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114992
- Wake measurement of wind turbine under yawed conditions using UAV anemometry system T. Bao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105720
- Optimizing wind farm control through wake steering using surrogate models based on high-fidelity simulations P. Hulsman et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-309-2020
- Wind farm power optimization via yaw angle control: A wind tunnel study M. Bastankhah & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5077038
- Toward flow control: An assessment of the curled wake model in the FLORIS framework C. Bay et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022033
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022
- Wind plant power maximization via extremum seeking yaw control: A wind tunnel experiment D. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2799
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1521-2021
- Analysis of Wind Turbine Equipment Failure and Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Research H. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108333
- An analytical modeling study on yaw-based wake redirection control for large-scale offshore wind farm annual energy power improvement J. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0207111
- Numerical study of the wake induced by a porous disk under deflected inflow S. Guezmir et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.22491
- Design, steady performance and wake characterization of a scaled wind turbine with pitch, torque and yaw actuation E. Nanos et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1263-2022
- Loads assessment of a fixed‐bottom offshore wind farm with wake steering K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2756
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114279
- Experimental and numerical investigation of the yaw moment of a downwind coned wind turbine rotor C. Schulz et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2779
- Influences of Yaw characteristics on the performance of an Archimedes screw hydrokinetic turbine D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116307
- Identification of wind turbine clusters for effective real time yaw control optimization F. Bernardoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036640
- Quantifying the uncertain impact of wind turbine yaw misalignment on power production in a field experiment W. Hector & M. Howland https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0311885
- Initial results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 1 P. Fleming et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-273-2019
- Wake position tracking using dynamic wake meandering model and rotor loads L. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0032917
- Power Maximization and Fatigue-Load Mitigation in a Wind-turbine Array by Active Yaw Control: an LES Study M. Lin & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/4/042036
- Dynamic thrust and power measurement for a scaled floating wind turbine in wind tunnel P. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119188
- A multi-fidelity framework for power prediction of wind farm under yaw misalignment Y. Tu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124600
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 20 Sep 2026
Short summary
Our experimental wind tunnel study on a pair of model wind turbines demonstrates a significant potential of turbine yaw angle control for the combined optimization of turbine power and rotor loads. Depending on the turbines' relative positions to the incoming wind, a combined power increase and individual rotor load reduction can be achieved by operating the turbine rotors slightly misaligned with the main wind direction (i.e., at a certain yaw angle).
Our experimental wind tunnel study on a pair of model wind turbines demonstrates a significant...
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