Articles | Volume 5, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-105-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-105-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A review of wind turbine main bearings: design, operation, modelling, damage mechanisms and fault detection
Wind Energy & Control Centre, Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Benjamin Clarke
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Gary Nicholas
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Abbas Kazemi Amiri
Wind Energy & Control Centre, Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
James Stirling
Wind Energy & Control Centre, Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
James Carroll
Wind Energy & Control Centre, Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Rob Dwyer-Joyce
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
Alasdair McDonald
Wind Energy & Control Centre, Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Hui Long
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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55 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Comparative study of the service life of a central core and a helical strand constituting the same rope Y. Bassir et al. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113148
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- Review of Research on Condition Monitoring for Improved O&M of Offshore Wind Turbine Drivetrains J. Helsen 10.1007/s40857-021-00237-2
- A survey of modeling for prognosis and health management of industrial equipment Y. Yucesan et al. 10.1016/j.aei.2021.101404
- Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 1: An introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1021-2022
- Optimized Hybrid CNN-LSTM Based Islanding Detection of Solar-Wind Power System B. Vadlamudi & A. T 10.1080/15325008.2023.2220333
- An Overview on Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis and Resilient Control for Wind Turbine Systems Z. Gao & X. Liu 10.3390/pr9020300
- A Normal Behavior-Based Condition Monitoring Method for Wind Turbine Main Bearing Using Dual Attention Mechanism and Bi-LSTM X. Xiao et al. 10.3390/en15228462
- Power train degradation modelling for multi-objective active power control of wind farms F. Moghadam et al. 10.1007/s10010-023-00617-2
- Data driven case study of a wind turbine main-bearing failure E. Mello et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2018/1/012011
- Remaining Useful Life Estimation Framework for the Main Bearing of Wind Turbines Operating in Real Time J. Vieira et al. 10.3390/en17061430
- Operation and maintenance cost comparison between 15 MW direct-drive and medium-speed offshore wind turbines O. Donnelly et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1345-2024
- From academic to industrial research: A comparative review of advances in rolling element bearings for wind turbine main shaft S. Gbashi et al. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108510
- Fatigue life analysis of double-row tapered roller bearing in a modern wind turbine under oscillating external load and speed J. Zheng et al. 10.1177/0954406220911966
- On the definition and effect of optimum gear microgeometry modifications for the gearbox of an offshore 10‐MW wind turbine B. Blanco et al. 10.1002/we.2825
- A simplified spherical roller bearing model and its application in the wind turbine main bearing system finite element modeling X. Gao & Z. Zhang 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109678
- Wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies and future development trends A. Nejad et al. 10.5194/wes-7-387-2022
- Recent technology and challenges of wind energy generation: A review S. Roga et al. 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102239
- Developing a systematic approach to the analysis of time‐varying main bearing loads for wind turbines E. Hart 10.1002/we.2549
- Fatigue prediction of wind turbine main bearing based on field measurement and three-dimensional elastic drivetrain model T. Ishihara et al. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108985
- Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fault Prognosis Based Solely on SCADA Data Á. Encalada-Dávila et al. 10.3390/s21062228
- An Integrated Finite Element and adams Modeling Approach for Analyzing Rotor-Bearing Housing Systems A. Shafiee et al. 10.1115/1.4066205
- Dynamic investigation of 650 W roof-top horizontal wind turbine rotor system supported by radial permanent magnet bearings G. Chalageri et al. 10.1080/23311916.2023.2288436
- Crowning Method on Bearing Supporting Large Wind Turbine Spindle Considering the Flexibility of Structure of Shaft System X. Liu et al. 10.3390/machines11010028
- Improved Ensemble Learning for Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fault Diagnosis M. Beretta et al. 10.3390/app11167523
- Wind energy system fault classification and detection using deep convolutional neural network and particle swarm optimization‐extreme gradient boosting C. Lee & E. Maceren 10.1049/esi2.12144
- Identification of electro-mechanical interactions in wind turbines F. Lüdecke et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1527-2024
- Dynamic modelling of slip in a wind turbine spherical roller main bearing E. de Mello et al. 10.1007/s10010-023-00652-z
- Speed-Dependent Eigenmodes for Efficient Simulation of Transverse Rotor Vibration J. Kluger et al. 10.3390/vibration5040043
- Anomaly-based fault detection in wind turbine main bearings L. Campoverde-Vilela et al. 10.5194/wes-8-557-2023
- Effect of Sensor Faults on the Stresses Caused by Wind Turbine Blades D. Biazar 10.1155/2024/7392391
- Experimental and simulation-based analysis of asymmetrical spherical roller bearings as main bearings for wind turbines A. Loriemi et al. 10.1007/s10010-021-00462-1
- A novel generalized Vold-Kalman filtering for wind turbine fault diagnosis D. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118317
- Analysis of the Influence of Calculation Parameters on the Design of the Gearbox of a High-Power Wind Turbine F. Rubio et al. 10.3390/math11194137
- Estimating model inadequacy in ordinary differential equations with physics-informed neural networks F. Viana et al. 10.1016/j.compstruc.2020.106458
- Scaling Challenges for Conical Plain Bearings as Wind Turbine Main Bearings J. Euler et al. 10.3390/wind3040027
- Wind Turbine Main Bearing Failure Prediction using a Hybrid Neural Network K. Bermúdez et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032090
- Impacts of wind field characteristics and non-steady deterministic wind events on time-varying main-bearing loads E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1209-2022
- FEM and ANN approaches to wind turbine gearbox monitoring and diagnosis: a mini review O. Owolabi et al. 10.1007/s40860-022-00183-4
- Integrating Learning-Driven Model Behavior and Data Representation for Enhanced Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Rotating Machinery T. Berghout et al. 10.3390/machines12100729
- Condition Assessment and Analysis of Bearing of Doubly Fed Wind Turbines Using Machine Learning Technique A. Mahar et al. 10.3390/en16052367
- Life Cycle Assessment of Various PMSG-Based Drivetrain Concepts for 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbines Applications F. Moghadam & N. Desch 10.3390/en16031499
- Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Wind Turbine Main-Bearing Based on LSTM Optimized Network L. Li & Q. Jian 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3402660
- Investigation of main bearing operating conditions in a three-Point mount wind turbine drivetrain Y. Guo et al. 10.1007/s10010-021-00477-8
- Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Based on Multivariate Time Series Forecasting X. Xiao et al. 10.3390/en15051951
- A review of wind turbine drivetrain loads and load effects for fixed and floating wind turbines W. Remigius & A. Natarajan 10.1002/wene.417
- Power Density Analysis of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Units by Holistic Optimization of Material, Manufacturing and Design of the Main Shaft C. Hollas et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/8/082003
- Operational Expenditure Modelling of the X-Rotor Offshore Wind turbine concept: Sensitivity of Key Modelling Assumptions F. Anderson et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012024
- Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 2: Simulation-based results for a double-row spherical roller main bearing in a 1.5 MW wind turbine E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1533-2022
- Loading on a wind turbine high-speed shaft gearbox bearing: Ultrasonic field measurements and predictions from a multi-body simulation B. Clarke et al. 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108319
54 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Review of Tribological Failure Analysis and Lubrication Technology Research of Wind Power Bearings H. Peng et al. 10.3390/polym14153041
- An Ensemble Learning Solution for Predictive Maintenance of Wind Turbines Main Bearing M. Beretta et al. 10.3390/s21041512
- Fault-Tolerant Control of a Wind Turbine Generator Based on Fuzzy Logic and Using Ensemble Learning J. Cusidó et al. 10.3390/en14165167
- Yaw misalignment in powertrain degradation modeling for wind farm control in curtailed conditions F. Khazaeli Moghadam et al. 10.3389/fenrg.2023.1272967
- Comparative study of the service life of a central core and a helical strand constituting the same rope Y. Bassir et al. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113148
- Constructing fast and representative analytical models of wind turbine main bearings J. Stirling et al. 10.5194/wes-6-15-2021
- Numerical modelling of a 1.5 MW tidal turbine in realistic coupled wave–current sea states for the assessment of turbine hub-depth impacts on mechanical loads C. Guy et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116577
- Review of Research on Condition Monitoring for Improved O&M of Offshore Wind Turbine Drivetrains J. Helsen 10.1007/s40857-021-00237-2
- A survey of modeling for prognosis and health management of industrial equipment Y. Yucesan et al. 10.1016/j.aei.2021.101404
- Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 1: An introductory review of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1021-2022
- Optimized Hybrid CNN-LSTM Based Islanding Detection of Solar-Wind Power System B. Vadlamudi & A. T 10.1080/15325008.2023.2220333
- An Overview on Fault Diagnosis, Prognosis and Resilient Control for Wind Turbine Systems Z. Gao & X. Liu 10.3390/pr9020300
- A Normal Behavior-Based Condition Monitoring Method for Wind Turbine Main Bearing Using Dual Attention Mechanism and Bi-LSTM X. Xiao et al. 10.3390/en15228462
- Power train degradation modelling for multi-objective active power control of wind farms F. Moghadam et al. 10.1007/s10010-023-00617-2
- Data driven case study of a wind turbine main-bearing failure E. Mello et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2018/1/012011
- Remaining Useful Life Estimation Framework for the Main Bearing of Wind Turbines Operating in Real Time J. Vieira et al. 10.3390/en17061430
- Operation and maintenance cost comparison between 15 MW direct-drive and medium-speed offshore wind turbines O. Donnelly et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1345-2024
- From academic to industrial research: A comparative review of advances in rolling element bearings for wind turbine main shaft S. Gbashi et al. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108510
- Fatigue life analysis of double-row tapered roller bearing in a modern wind turbine under oscillating external load and speed J. Zheng et al. 10.1177/0954406220911966
- On the definition and effect of optimum gear microgeometry modifications for the gearbox of an offshore 10‐MW wind turbine B. Blanco et al. 10.1002/we.2825
- A simplified spherical roller bearing model and its application in the wind turbine main bearing system finite element modeling X. Gao & Z. Zhang 10.1016/j.triboint.2024.109678
- Wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies and future development trends A. Nejad et al. 10.5194/wes-7-387-2022
- Recent technology and challenges of wind energy generation: A review S. Roga et al. 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102239
- Developing a systematic approach to the analysis of time‐varying main bearing loads for wind turbines E. Hart 10.1002/we.2549
- Fatigue prediction of wind turbine main bearing based on field measurement and three-dimensional elastic drivetrain model T. Ishihara et al. 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2024.108985
- Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fault Prognosis Based Solely on SCADA Data Á. Encalada-Dávila et al. 10.3390/s21062228
- An Integrated Finite Element and adams Modeling Approach for Analyzing Rotor-Bearing Housing Systems A. Shafiee et al. 10.1115/1.4066205
- Dynamic investigation of 650 W roof-top horizontal wind turbine rotor system supported by radial permanent magnet bearings G. Chalageri et al. 10.1080/23311916.2023.2288436
- Crowning Method on Bearing Supporting Large Wind Turbine Spindle Considering the Flexibility of Structure of Shaft System X. Liu et al. 10.3390/machines11010028
- Improved Ensemble Learning for Wind Turbine Main Bearing Fault Diagnosis M. Beretta et al. 10.3390/app11167523
- Wind energy system fault classification and detection using deep convolutional neural network and particle swarm optimization‐extreme gradient boosting C. Lee & E. Maceren 10.1049/esi2.12144
- Identification of electro-mechanical interactions in wind turbines F. Lüdecke et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1527-2024
- Dynamic modelling of slip in a wind turbine spherical roller main bearing E. de Mello et al. 10.1007/s10010-023-00652-z
- Speed-Dependent Eigenmodes for Efficient Simulation of Transverse Rotor Vibration J. Kluger et al. 10.3390/vibration5040043
- Anomaly-based fault detection in wind turbine main bearings L. Campoverde-Vilela et al. 10.5194/wes-8-557-2023
- Effect of Sensor Faults on the Stresses Caused by Wind Turbine Blades D. Biazar 10.1155/2024/7392391
- Experimental and simulation-based analysis of asymmetrical spherical roller bearings as main bearings for wind turbines A. Loriemi et al. 10.1007/s10010-021-00462-1
- A novel generalized Vold-Kalman filtering for wind turbine fault diagnosis D. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118317
- Analysis of the Influence of Calculation Parameters on the Design of the Gearbox of a High-Power Wind Turbine F. Rubio et al. 10.3390/math11194137
- Estimating model inadequacy in ordinary differential equations with physics-informed neural networks F. Viana et al. 10.1016/j.compstruc.2020.106458
- Scaling Challenges for Conical Plain Bearings as Wind Turbine Main Bearings J. Euler et al. 10.3390/wind3040027
- Wind Turbine Main Bearing Failure Prediction using a Hybrid Neural Network K. Bermúdez et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032090
- Impacts of wind field characteristics and non-steady deterministic wind events on time-varying main-bearing loads E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1209-2022
- FEM and ANN approaches to wind turbine gearbox monitoring and diagnosis: a mini review O. Owolabi et al. 10.1007/s40860-022-00183-4
- Integrating Learning-Driven Model Behavior and Data Representation for Enhanced Remaining Useful Life Prediction in Rotating Machinery T. Berghout et al. 10.3390/machines12100729
- Condition Assessment and Analysis of Bearing of Doubly Fed Wind Turbines Using Machine Learning Technique A. Mahar et al. 10.3390/en16052367
- Life Cycle Assessment of Various PMSG-Based Drivetrain Concepts for 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbines Applications F. Moghadam & N. Desch 10.3390/en16031499
- Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Wind Turbine Main-Bearing Based on LSTM Optimized Network L. Li & Q. Jian 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3402660
- Investigation of main bearing operating conditions in a three-Point mount wind turbine drivetrain Y. Guo et al. 10.1007/s10010-021-00477-8
- Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Based on Multivariate Time Series Forecasting X. Xiao et al. 10.3390/en15051951
- A review of wind turbine drivetrain loads and load effects for fixed and floating wind turbines W. Remigius & A. Natarajan 10.1002/wene.417
- Power Density Analysis of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Units by Holistic Optimization of Material, Manufacturing and Design of the Main Shaft C. Hollas et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/8/082003
- Operational Expenditure Modelling of the X-Rotor Offshore Wind turbine concept: Sensitivity of Key Modelling Assumptions F. Anderson et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2626/1/012024
- Wind turbine main-bearing lubrication – Part 2: Simulation-based results for a double-row spherical roller main bearing in a 1.5 MW wind turbine E. Hart et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1533-2022
Latest update: 07 Nov 2024
Short summary
This paper presents a review of existing theory and practice relating to main bearings for wind turbines. Topics covered include wind conditions and resulting rotor loads, main-bearing models, damage mechanisms and fault detection procedures.
This paper presents a review of existing theory and practice relating to main bearings for wind...
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