Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1093-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1093-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Large-eddy simulation of airborne wind energy farms
Thomas Haas
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Jochem De Schutter
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
Moritz Diehl
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
Department of Mathematics, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Aero-servo simulations of an airborne wind energy system using geometry-resolved computational fluid dynamics N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2663-2025
- Vertical Airborne Wind Energy Farms with High Power Density per Ground Area based on Multi-Aircraft Systems J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2023.100867
- Unsteady aerodynamic simulations of a multi-megawatt airborne wind energy reference system using computational fluid dynamics N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042060
- A survey of two analytical wake models for crosswind kite power systems M. Karakouzian et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102388
- From inception to commercialization: A systematic review of airborne wind energy systems Y. Khurshid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104623
- Wind Resource Evaluation in High-Mountain Ecosystems of the Andean Region Through Weibull Distributions and IDEAM Meteorological Record F. Cely Quesada et al. https://doi.org/10.15446/sicel.v12.121188
- Numerical Trajectory Optimization of Airborne Wind Energy Systems With Stroboscopic Averaging Methods J. Harzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCSYS.2025.3577225
- Wing Deformation of an Airborne Wind Energy System in Crosswind Flight Using High-Fidelity Fluid–Structure Interaction N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020602
- A Gaussian wake model for Airborne Wind Energy Systems F. Trevisi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012038
- Augmenting Offshore Wind-Farm Yield with Tethered Kites K. Zammit et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030668
- AWEbox: An Optimal Control Framework for Single- and Multi-Aircraft Airborne Wind Energy Systems J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041900
- A review of the aerodynamics of airborne wind energy systems I. Castro-Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101157
- Airborne wind energy systems flying optimal trajectories in turbulent wind using flight path tracking J. Crismer et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072021
- Optimal control of crosswind kite systems with an engineering wake model based on vortex loops and dipoles J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
- Unsteady Aerodynamics of Delta Kites for Airborne Wind Energy Under Dynamic Stall Conditions I. Castro‐Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2932
- The potential role of airborne and floating wind in the North Sea region H. Vos et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad3fbc
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Aero-servo simulations of an airborne wind energy system using geometry-resolved computational fluid dynamics N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2663-2025
- Vertical Airborne Wind Energy Farms with High Power Density per Ground Area based on Multi-Aircraft Systems J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2023.100867
- Unsteady aerodynamic simulations of a multi-megawatt airborne wind energy reference system using computational fluid dynamics N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042060
- A survey of two analytical wake models for crosswind kite power systems M. Karakouzian et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102388
- From inception to commercialization: A systematic review of airborne wind energy systems Y. Khurshid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104623
- Wind Resource Evaluation in High-Mountain Ecosystems of the Andean Region Through Weibull Distributions and IDEAM Meteorological Record F. Cely Quesada et al. https://doi.org/10.15446/sicel.v12.121188
- Numerical Trajectory Optimization of Airborne Wind Energy Systems With Stroboscopic Averaging Methods J. Harzer et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCSYS.2025.3577225
- Wing Deformation of an Airborne Wind Energy System in Crosswind Flight Using High-Fidelity Fluid–Structure Interaction N. Pynaert et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020602
- A Gaussian wake model for Airborne Wind Energy Systems F. Trevisi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012038
- Augmenting Offshore Wind-Farm Yield with Tethered Kites K. Zammit et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030668
- AWEbox: An Optimal Control Framework for Single- and Multi-Aircraft Airborne Wind Energy Systems J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041900
- A review of the aerodynamics of airborne wind energy systems I. Castro-Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101157
- Airborne wind energy systems flying optimal trajectories in turbulent wind using flight path tracking J. Crismer et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072021
- Optimal control of crosswind kite systems with an engineering wake model based on vortex loops and dipoles J. De Schutter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
- Unsteady Aerodynamics of Delta Kites for Airborne Wind Energy Under Dynamic Stall Conditions I. Castro‐Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2932
- The potential role of airborne and floating wind in the North Sea region H. Vos et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad3fbc
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
In this work, we study parks of large-scale airborne wind energy systems using a virtual flight simulator. The virtual flight simulator combines numerical techniques from flow simulation and kite control. Using advanced control algorithms, the systems can operate efficiently in the park despite turbulent flow conditions. For the three configurations considered in the study, we observe significant wake effects, reducing the power yield of the parks.
In this work, we study parks of large-scale airborne wind energy systems using a virtual flight...
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