Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-185-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-185-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 01 Feb 2022
| 01 Feb 2022
Field measurements of wake meandering at a utility-scale wind turbine with nacelle-mounted Doppler lidars
Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy Laboratory (WiRE), École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Corey Markfort
IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Fernando Porté-Agel
Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy Laboratory (WiRE), École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cited
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Breakdown of the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine – Part 2: Analytical modelling E. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-119-2024
- Effects of Irregular Bathymetry on the Performance and Wake Characteristics of Tidal Stream Turbines: A Case Study of a Tidal Power Site N. Mwero et al. https://doi.org/10.26748/KSOE.2024.096
- Dynamic mode decomposition and mechanism analysis of unsteady wind turbine wake evolution in complex terrain S. Gan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0325738
- Large-Eddy Simulation of Wakes of Waked Wind Turbines X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082899
- A study of wake effects on fatigue loads of turbines considering spatiotemporal wind data and rotational speed control effect Y. Song & T. Ishihara https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106458
- Large-eddy simulation of wind turbine wake characteristics over a two-dimensional hill B. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0311613
- A physical wind‐turbine wake growth model under different stratified atmospheric conditions B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2770
- Breakdown of the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine – Part 1: Large-eddy-simulation study E. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-97-2024
- Characterization of wind turbine flow through nacelle-mounted lidars: a review S. Letizia et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2023.1261017
- Comparison of the dynamic wake meandering model against large eddy simulation for horizontal and vertical steering of wind turbine wakes I. Rivera-Arreba et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119807
- Wake meandering of wind turbines under dynamic yaw control and impacts on power and fatigue M. Lin & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120003
- Theoretical performance of a 1.5-µm satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar using a planar waveguide optical amplifier with a demonstrated figure of merit: simulation of signal detection probability, measurement precision, and bias W. Yoshiki et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.513890
- A novel dynamic wake model for prediction of wind speed and power production considering wake propagation velocity and deflection Y. Song & T. Ishihara https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126526
- Computational fluid dynamics and digital twins for wind turbines: A review R. Cockcroft & B. Thornber https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127890
- Classification and properties of non-idealized coastal wind profiles – an observational study C. Hallgren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1183-2022
- Revealing inflow and wake conditions of a 6 MW floating turbine N. Angelou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1511-2023
- Numerical study of wake characteristics of wind turbines in a real complex terrain with large eddy simulation B. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0289375
- Power output fluctuations and unsteady aerodynamic loads of a scaled wind turbine subjected to periodically oscillating wind environments E. Aju et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219853
- Field comparison of load-based wind turbine wake tracking with a scanning lidar reference D. Onnen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026
- An improved statistical wake meandering model P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092048
- Improvements to the dynamic wake meandering model by incorporating the turbulent Schmidt number P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1363-2024
- Dynamic response of a wind turbine wake subjected to surge and heave step motions under different inflow conditions A. Hubert et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092035
- Symbolic regression-enhanced dynamic wake meandering: fast and physically consistent wind turbine wake modelling D. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10947
- Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) P. Moriarty et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0141683
24 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Breakdown of the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine – Part 2: Analytical modelling E. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-119-2024
- Effects of Irregular Bathymetry on the Performance and Wake Characteristics of Tidal Stream Turbines: A Case Study of a Tidal Power Site N. Mwero et al. https://doi.org/10.26748/KSOE.2024.096
- Dynamic mode decomposition and mechanism analysis of unsteady wind turbine wake evolution in complex terrain S. Gan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0325738
- Large-Eddy Simulation of Wakes of Waked Wind Turbines X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082899
- A study of wake effects on fatigue loads of turbines considering spatiotemporal wind data and rotational speed control effect Y. Song & T. Ishihara https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2026.106458
- Large-eddy simulation of wind turbine wake characteristics over a two-dimensional hill B. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0311613
- A physical wind‐turbine wake growth model under different stratified atmospheric conditions B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2770
- Breakdown of the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine – Part 1: Large-eddy-simulation study E. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-97-2024
- Characterization of wind turbine flow through nacelle-mounted lidars: a review S. Letizia et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2023.1261017
- Comparison of the dynamic wake meandering model against large eddy simulation for horizontal and vertical steering of wind turbine wakes I. Rivera-Arreba et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119807
- Wake meandering of wind turbines under dynamic yaw control and impacts on power and fatigue M. Lin & F. Porté-Agel https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.120003
- Theoretical performance of a 1.5-µm satellite-borne coherent Doppler wind lidar using a planar waveguide optical amplifier with a demonstrated figure of merit: simulation of signal detection probability, measurement precision, and bias W. Yoshiki et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.513890
- A novel dynamic wake model for prediction of wind speed and power production considering wake propagation velocity and deflection Y. Song & T. Ishihara https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126526
- Computational fluid dynamics and digital twins for wind turbines: A review R. Cockcroft & B. Thornber https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127890
- Classification and properties of non-idealized coastal wind profiles – an observational study C. Hallgren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1183-2022
- Revealing inflow and wake conditions of a 6 MW floating turbine N. Angelou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1511-2023
- Numerical study of wake characteristics of wind turbines in a real complex terrain with large eddy simulation B. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0289375
- Power output fluctuations and unsteady aerodynamic loads of a scaled wind turbine subjected to periodically oscillating wind environments E. Aju et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219853
- Field comparison of load-based wind turbine wake tracking with a scanning lidar reference D. Onnen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-175-2026
- An improved statistical wake meandering model P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092048
- Improvements to the dynamic wake meandering model by incorporating the turbulent Schmidt number P. Brugger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1363-2024
- Dynamic response of a wind turbine wake subjected to surge and heave step motions under different inflow conditions A. Hubert et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092035
- Symbolic regression-enhanced dynamic wake meandering: fast and physically consistent wind turbine wake modelling D. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10947
- Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) P. Moriarty et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0141683
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Jun 2026
Short summary
Wind turbines create a wake of reduced wind speeds downstream of the rotor. The wake does not necessarily have a straight, pencil-like shape but can meander similar to a smoke plume. We investigated this wake meandering and observed that the downstream transport velocity is slower than the wind speed contrary to previous assumptions and that the evolution of the atmospheric turbulence over time impacts wake meandering on distances typical for the turbine spacing in wind farms.
Wind turbines create a wake of reduced wind speeds downstream of the rotor. The wake does not...
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