Articles | Volume 7, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges
KU Leuven, Mechanical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 300A, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
Carlo Bottasso
Chair of Wind Energy, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
Katherine Dykes
DTU Wind Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Paul Fleming
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Pieter Gebraad
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, Tonsbakken 16, 2740 Skovlunde, Denmark
Gregor Giebel
DTU Wind Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Tuhfe Göçmen
DTU Wind Energy, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Delft University of Technology, Delft Center for Systems and Control, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands
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148 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- The value of wake steering wind farm flow control in US energy markets E. Simley et al.
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- A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions S. Tamaro et al.
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148 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Wind-farm power prediction using a turbulence-optimized Gaussian wake model N. Zehtabiyan-Rezaie et al.
- Sensitivity analysis of computational domain height for semi-infinite and finite-sized wind farms W. Chanprasert et al.
- Experimental comparison of induction control methods for wind farm power maximization on a scaled two-turbine setup D. Van Der Hoek et al.
- Wake characteristics and scalar transport equation for energy recovery analysis under different tip speed ratio conditions Q. Tang et al.
- A Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for Wind Farm Power Maximization M. Kim et al.
- Field comparison of load-based wind turbine wake tracking with a scanning lidar reference D. Onnen et al.
- Grand challenges of wind energy science – meeting the needs and services of the power system M. O'Malley et al.
- The Influence of Floating Turbine Dynamics on the Helix Wake Mixing Method D. Van Den Berg et al.
- A deep learning reduced-order modeling method using a vorticity-guided local weighting strategy for unsteady flow prediction Y. He et al.
- Evolution of eddy viscosity in the wake of a wind turbine R. Scott et al.
- Floating Platform and Mooring Line Optimization for Wake Loss Mitigation in Offshore Wind Farms Through Wake Mixing Strategy G. Lazzerini et al.
- Exploring cooperation between wind farms: a wake steering optimization study of the Belgian offshore wind farm cluster B. Foloppe et al.
- Tailoring anisotropic synthetic inflow turbulence generator for wind turbine wake simulations N. Ali et al.
- On the power and control of a misaligned rotor – beyond the cosine law S. Tamaro et al.
- Global optimization of wake steering for large-scale wind farms using generalized serial refinement method Y. Tu et al.
- Synchronized Dynamic Induction Control: An Experimental Investigation A. Van Vondelen et al.
- A novel engineering wake model for helix-actuated wind turbine wakes T. Dammann et al.
- Recovering Corrupted Data in Wind Farm Measurements: A Matrix Completion Approach M. Silei et al.
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al.
- Hyperparameter tuning framework for calibrating analytical wake models using SCADA data of an offshore wind farm D. van Binsbergen et al.
- Integrated Design and Experimental Validation of a Fixed-Pitch Rotor for Wind Tunnel Testing A. Fontanella et al.
- Bayesian uncertainty quantification of engineering models for wind farm–atmosphere interaction F. Aerts et al.
- Physics informed neural networks for wind field modeling in wind farms P. Cobelli et al.
- Fluid-Dynamic Mechanisms Underlying Wind Turbine Wake Control with Strouhal-Timed Actuation L. Cheung et al.
- Brief communication: An elliptical parameterisation of the wind direction rose E. Hart
- Wake asymmetry of yaw state wind turbines induced by interference with wind towers K. Shibuya & T. Uchida
- Integer programming for optimal yaw control of wind farms F. Bestehorn et al.
- The dynamic coupling between the pulse wake mixing strategy and floating wind turbines D. van den Berg et al.
- Modeling the effects of active wake mixing on wake behavior through large-scale coherent structures L. Cheung et al.
- Combining wake redirection and derating strategies in a load-constrained wind farm power maximization A. Croce et al.
- Dynamic interaction of inflow and rotor time scales and impact on single turbine wake recovery S. Andersen et al.
- A medium-fidelity wake model of floating wind turbines considering the double Gaussian virtual force S. Wei et al.
- Mimicking the Helix with a porous disc for wind tunnel testing B. De Vos et al.
- Dynamic induction control for mitigation of wake-induced power losses: a wind tunnel study under different inflow conditions M. Zúñiga Inestroza et al.
- Prediction and Mitigation of Wind Farm Blockage Losses Considering Mesoscale Atmospheric Response L. Legris et al.
- On the importance of wind predictions in wake steering optimization E. Kadoche et al.
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Combined Derating and Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al.
- Control-oriented modelling of wind direction variability S. Dallas et al.
- Dynamic wake conditions tailored by an active grid in the wind tunnel D. Onnen et al.
- Wake Mixing Control For Floating Wind Farms: Analysis of the Implementation of the Helix Wake Mixing Strategy on the IEA 15-MW Floating Wind Turbine D. van den Berg et al.
- Analysis of wake recovery effects using small-diameter-ratio wind turbines for vertically staggered wind farms H. Yang et al.
- Advancing wind turbines through control co-design: An integrative review S. Bayat et al.
- Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of active wake mixing dynamics in a stable atmospheric boundary layer G. Yalla et al.
- The value of wake steering wind farm flow control in US energy markets E. Simley et al.
- Large eddy simulation and linear stability analysis of active sway control for wind turbine array wake Z. Li et al.
- A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions S. Tamaro et al.
- Are vertical-axis wind turbines a scientific mirage or the future of offshore wind energy? A critical perspective a century after Darrieus’ patent A. Bianchini et al.
- Evaluating the potential of a wake steering co-design for wind farm layout optimization through a tailored genetic algorithm M. Baricchio et al.
- Inverse reinforcement learning for objective discovery in collective behavior of artificial swimmers D. Wälchli et al.
- Investigation of far-wake models coupled with yaw-induction control for power optimization K. Heck et al.
- Modelling of Wind Turbines as Porous Disks for Wind Farm Flow Studies M. Catania et al.
- Structural motion control of waked floating offshore wind farms H. del Pozo Gonzalez et al.
- Simulating the helix wake within an actuator disk framework: verification against discrete-blade type simulations M. Coquelet et al.
- Wind pattern clustering of high frequent field measurements for dynamic wind farm flow control M. Becker et al.
- A control-oriented load surrogate model based on sector-averaged inflow quantities: capturing damage for unwaked, waked, wake-steering and curtailed wind turbines A. Guilloré et al.
- PhyWakeNet: a dynamic wake model accounting for aerodynamic force oscillations X. Liu et al.
- Experimental investigation of blade tip vortex behavior in the wake of asymmetric rotors A. Abraham & T. Leweke
- Offshore wind turbine tower design and optimization: A review and AI-driven future directions J. Alves Ribeiro et al.
- Advancements in Wind Farm Control: Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization Through Yaw-Based Wake Steering T. Lucas Frutuoso et al.
- Influence of platform motion on the energy production of a floating wind farm M. De Pascali et al.
- Discrete Switching Sequence Control for Universal Current Tracking in Wind Power Converters J. Yu et al.
- The impact of coherent large-scale vortices generated by helix active wake control on the recovery process of wind turbine wakes J. Gutknecht et al.
- Assessment of loads and power generation for a wind farm utilizing Helix control strategy M. Mohammadi et al.
- A low-computational physics-guided deep learning model for wind farm flow control under time-varying wind conditions S. He et al.
- Wake development in floating wind turbines: new insights and an open dataset from wind tunnel experiments A. Fontanella et al.
- Scalable SCADA-Based Calibration for Analytical Wake Models Across an Offshore Cluster D. Binsbergen et al.
- Comparison of wind farm control strategies under realistic offshore wind conditions: turbine quantities of interest J. Frederik et al.
- Analytical solutions for yawed wind-turbine wakes with application to wind-farm power optimization by active yaw control Z. Zhang et al.
- A database of hourly wind speed and modeled generation for US wind plants based on three meteorological models D. Millstein et al.
- Critical success factors for large-scale solar projects: Insights for Saudi Arabia’s energy transition S. Abdul Qadir et al.
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al.
- LES-based validation of a dynamic wind farm flow model under unsteady inflow and yaw misalignment J. Bohrer et al.
- Control co-design of a large offshore wind farm considering the effect of wind extractability M. Pahus et al.
- Stochastic Dynamical Modeling of Wind Farm Turbulence A. Bhatt et al.
- Design of a robotic platform for hybrid wind tunnel experiments of floating wind farms A. Fontanella et al.
- Phase Synchronization for Helix Enhanced Wake Mixing in Downstream Wind Turbines A. van Vondelen et al.
- Potential of Wake Scaling Techniques for Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Wake Prediction D. Vahidi & F. Porté-Agel
- Modular deep learning approach for wind farm power forecasting and wake loss prediction S. Ally et al.
- LiDAR-Referenced Inflow Wind Condition Estimation from SCADA Data Using a Deep Learning Model S. He et al.
- A multi-fidelity approach for wind farm simulations and comparison with field data W. Yu et al.
- An open-source framework for the development, deployment and testing of wind farm control strategies C. Sucameli et al.
- Validation of induction/steering reserve-boosting active power control by a wind tunnel experiment with dynamic wind direction changes S. Tamaro et al.
- Measurement-driven large-eddy simulations of a diurnal cycle during a wake-steering field campaign E. Quon
- Influence of simple terrain on the spatial variability of a low-level jet and wind farm performance in the AWAKEN field campaign W. Radünz et al.
- A Supervisory Control Framework for Fatigue-Aware Wake Steering in Wind Farms Y. Shen et al.
- Evaluation of wind resource uncertainty on energy production estimates for offshore wind farms K. Klemmer et al.
- On the performance of the helix wind farm control approach in the conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layer E. Taschner et al.
- Deep Reinforcement Learning Applied to Wake Steering C. Ros Perez et al.
- Phase controlling the yaw motion of floating wind turbines with the helix method to reduce wake interactions: an experimental investigation D. van den Berg et al.
- Unified momentum model for rotor aerodynamics across operating regimes J. Liew et al.
- Agentic AI in Wind Energy Systems: Multi-Agent Architectures for Optimization and Resilience A. Hasan et al.
- On the impact of different static induction control strategies on a wind turbine wake M. Zúñiga Inestroza et al.
- Power loss mechanisms and optimal induction factors for large offshore wind farms T. Nishino & A. Smyth
- Surrogate Modeling and Aeroelastic Analysis of a Wind Turbine with Down-Regulation, Power Boosting, and IBC Capabilities V. Pettas & P. Cheng
- Experimental and numerical investigation on the potential of wake mixing by dynamic yaw for wind farm power optimization F. Mühle et al.
- Maximizing wind farm power output with the helix approach: Experimental validation and wake analysis using tomographic particle image velocimetry D. van der Hoek et al.
- Increased power gains from wake steering control using preview wind direction information B. Sengers et al.
- Physics-Guided Machine Learning for Wind-Farm Power Prediction: Toward Interpretability and Generalizability N. Zehtabiyan-Rezaie et al.
- Study on the yaw-based wake steering control considering dynamic flow characteristics for wind farm power improvement X. Yu et al.
- Comparison of helix and wake steering control for varying turbine spacing and wind direction E. Taschner et al.
- Improving Floating Offshore Wind Farm Flow Control With Scalable Model-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning M. Mei et al.
- Comparison of steady-state analytical wake models implemented in wind farm analysis software R. Mudafort et al.
- Wind Farm Power Maximisation via Wake Steering: A Gaussian Process‐Based Yaw‐Dependent Parameter Tuning Approach F. Gori et al.
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Short summary
We provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and the outstanding challenges in wind farm flow control, thus identifying the key research areas that could further enable commercial uptake and success. To this end, we have structured the discussion on challenges and opportunities into four main areas: (1) insight into control flow physics, (2) algorithms and AI, (3) validation and industry implementation, and (4) integrating control with system design
(co-design).
We provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art and the outstanding challenges in...
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