Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-433-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-433-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 03 Mar 2022
| 03 Mar 2022
A model to calculate fatigue damage caused by partial waking during wind farm optimization
currently at: National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
formerly at: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Jennifer King
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Christopher Bay
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Andrew Ning
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Implications of complex terrain topography on the performance of a real wind farm F. Bernardoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012052
- Load assessment of a wind farm considering negative and positive yaw misalignment for wake steering R. Thedin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1033-2025
- Reductions in wind farm main bearing rating lives resulting from wake impingement J. Quick et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-493-2026
- Dual–Track Nonlinear Energy Sinks for Mitigating Bi-Directional Vibration of Wind Turbine Towers in Typhoons D. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455426502044
- A Review of Mathematical Optimization Methods in Offshore Wind Energy Systems: Design, Layout, and Control F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14111033
- Wind plant wake losses: Disconnect between turbine actuation and control of plant wakes with engineering wake models R. Scott et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0207013
- Tuning of a holistic synchronous multi-objective framework for wind farm flow control T. Lokken et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032117
- Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem Using Nature‐Inspired Algorithms M. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9406519
- Dual single-emitter diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG MOPA laser for wind lidar J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.597328
- Dynamic responses of wind turbines under unwaked and waked conditions M. Shahadat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128255
- Channel-assisted Fourier neural operator for high-fidelity far-wake prediction of a wind turbine under yawed conditions E. Lee & S. Lee https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287914
- Turbine-specific lifetime consumption estimation by integrating environmental data with a farm flow model A. Vad et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032064
- Wind farm layout optimization in complex terrain considering wind turbine fatigue load constraint W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249777
- Computational fluid dynamics and digital twins for wind turbines: A review R. Cockcroft & B. Thornber https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127890
- Impacts on damage equivalent loads from plant optimization using artificial neural network surrogate models C. Bay et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032125
- Influence of Layout on Offshore Wind Farm Efficiency and Wake Characteristics in Turbulent Environments G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112137
- Efficient Loads Surrogates for Waked Turbines in an Array K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032095
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Implications of complex terrain topography on the performance of a real wind farm F. Bernardoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012052
- Load assessment of a wind farm considering negative and positive yaw misalignment for wake steering R. Thedin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1033-2025
- Reductions in wind farm main bearing rating lives resulting from wake impingement J. Quick et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-493-2026
- Dual–Track Nonlinear Energy Sinks for Mitigating Bi-Directional Vibration of Wind Turbine Towers in Typhoons D. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219455426502044
- A Review of Mathematical Optimization Methods in Offshore Wind Energy Systems: Design, Layout, and Control F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14111033
- Wind plant wake losses: Disconnect between turbine actuation and control of plant wakes with engineering wake models R. Scott et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0207013
- Tuning of a holistic synchronous multi-objective framework for wind farm flow control T. Lokken et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032117
- Wind Farm Layout Optimization Problem Using Nature‐Inspired Algorithms M. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9406519
- Dual single-emitter diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG MOPA laser for wind lidar J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.597328
- Dynamic responses of wind turbines under unwaked and waked conditions M. Shahadat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128255
- Channel-assisted Fourier neural operator for high-fidelity far-wake prediction of a wind turbine under yawed conditions E. Lee & S. Lee https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0287914
- Turbine-specific lifetime consumption estimation by integrating environmental data with a farm flow model A. Vad et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032064
- Wind farm layout optimization in complex terrain considering wind turbine fatigue load constraint W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249777
- Computational fluid dynamics and digital twins for wind turbines: A review R. Cockcroft & B. Thornber https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127890
- Impacts on damage equivalent loads from plant optimization using artificial neural network surrogate models C. Bay et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032125
- Influence of Layout on Offshore Wind Farm Efficiency and Wake Characteristics in Turbulent Environments G. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112137
- Efficient Loads Surrogates for Waked Turbines in an Array K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032095
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jun 2026
Short summary
In this paper, we present a computationally inexpensive model to calculate wind turbine blade fatigue caused by waking and partial waking. The model accounts for steady state on the blade, as well as wind turbulence. The model is fast enough to be used in wind farm layout optimization, which has not been possible with more expensive fatigue models in the past. The methods introduced in this paper will allow for farms with increased energy production that maintain turbine structural reliability.
In this paper, we present a computationally inexpensive model to calculate wind turbine blade...
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