Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-103-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-103-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
Research article
 | 
10 Jan 2025
Research article |  | 10 Jan 2025

Numerical analysis of transonic flow over the FFA-W3-211 wind turbine tip airfoil

Maria Cristina Vitulano, Delphine De Tavernier, Giuliano De Stefano, and Dominic von Terzi

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Short summary
Next-generation wind turbines are the largest rotating machines ever built, experiencing local flow Mach where the incompressibility assumption is violated, and even transonic flow can occur. This study assesses the transonic features over the FFA-W3-211 wind turbine tip airfoil for selected industrial test cases, defines the subsonic–supersonic flow threshold and evaluates the Reynolds number effects on transonic flow occurrence. Shock wave occurrence is also depicted.
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