Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-535-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-535-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
Research article
 | 
18 Mar 2025
Research article |  | 18 Mar 2025

Flow acceleration statistics: a new paradigm for wind-driven loads, towards probabilistic turbine design

Mark Kelly

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Short summary
Industrial standards for wind turbine design are based on 10 min statistics of wind speed at turbine hub height, treating fluctuations as turbulence. But recent work shows that the effect of strong transients is described by flow acceleration. We devise a method to measure the acceleration that turbines encounter; the extremes offshore defy 10 min averages due to various phenomena beyond turbulence. These findings are translated into a recipe supporting statistical design.
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