Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-579-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-579-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 3
Research article
 | 
20 Mar 2025
Research article |  | 20 Mar 2025

Exploring noise annoyance and sound quality for airborne wind energy systems: insights from a listening experiment

Helena Schmidt, Renatto M. Yupa-Villanueva, Daniele Ragni, Roberto Merino-Martínez, Piet J. R. van Gool, and Roland Schmehl

Viewed

Total article views: 2,230 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
1,589 411 230 2,230 205 74 134
  • HTML: 1,589
  • PDF: 411
  • XML: 230
  • Total: 2,230
  • Supplement: 205
  • BibTeX: 74
  • EndNote: 134
Views and downloads (calculated since 05 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 05 Nov 2024)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 2,230 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,198 with geography defined and 32 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 08 Mar 2026
Download
Short summary
This study investigates noise annoyance caused by airborne wind energy systems (AWESs), a novel wind energy technology that uses kites to harness high-altitude winds. Through a listening experiment with 75 participants, sharpness was identified as the key factor predicting annoyance. Fixed-wing kites generated more annoyance than soft-wing kites, likely due to their sharper, more tonal sound. The findings can help improve AWESs’ designs, reducing noise-related disturbances for nearby residents.
Read more
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint