Articles | Volume 10, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-887-2025
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the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-887-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 May 2025
Research article |
| 07 May 2025
| 07 May 2025
An analytical formulation for turbulence kinetic energy added by wind turbines based on large-eddy simulation
Ali Khanjari
Center for Research in Wind (CReW), University of Delaware, 221 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Asim Feroz
Center for Research in Wind (CReW), University of Delaware, 221 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Center for Research in Wind (CReW), University of Delaware, 221 Academy St, Newark, DE 19716, USA
Department of Environmental, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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In a wind farm, wind turbines decrease the wind speed and add turbulence, reducing the efficiency of turbines behind them and the overall wind farm performance. This study organizes mathematical models and uses computer simulations to examine how turbines interact. The results will help improve wind farm design and better understanding of their environmental effects in the future.
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In a wind farm, wind turbines decrease the wind speed and add turbulence, reducing the efficiency of turbines behind them and the overall wind farm performance. This study organizes mathematical models and uses computer simulations to examine how turbines interact. The results will help improve wind farm design and better understanding of their environmental effects in the future.
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Two approximate analytical expressions are derived, one for the variance of wind speed and the other for turbulence intensity, based on one simple assumption: that the turbulent fluctuations in wind are small with respect to the mean. The formulations perform well when applied to the observations from the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) field campaign conducted in 2023.
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We use scientific models to study the impact of ship emissions on air quality along the US East Coast. We find an increase in three major pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) in coastal regions. However, we detect a reduction in ozone (O3) levels in major coastal cities. This reduction is linked to the significant emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from ships, which scavenged O3, especially in highly polluted urban areas experiencing an NOx-limited regime.
Yulong Ma, Cristina L. Archer, and Ahmadreza Vasel-Be-Hagh
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 2407–2431, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2407-2022, 2022
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Wind turbine wakes are important because they reduce the power production of wind farms and may cause unintended impacts on the weather around wind farms. Weather prediction models, like WRF and MPAS, are often used to predict both power and impacts of wind farms, but they lack an accurate treatment of wind farm wakes. We developed the Jensen wind farm parameterization, based on the existing Jensen model of an idealized wake. The Jensen parameterization is accurate and computationally efficient.
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Short summary
Wind turbines add turbulence to the atmosphere behind them, especially 4–6 diameters downstream and near the rotor top. We propose an equation that predicts the distribution of added turbulence as a function of a turbine parameter (thrust coefficient) and an atmospheric parameter (undisturbed turbulence intensity before the turbine). We find that our equation performs well, although not perfectly. Ultimately this equation can be used to better understand how wind turbines affect the atmosphere.
Wind turbines add turbulence to the atmosphere behind them, especially 4–6 diameters downstream...
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