Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-127-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
Research article
 | 
15 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 15 Jan 2026

Modelling vortex generator effects on turbulent boundary layers with integral boundary layer equations

Abhratej Sahoo, Akshay Koodly Ravishankara, Wei Yu, Daniele Ragni, and Carlos Simao Ferreira

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Short summary
A new model incorporates vortex generator (VG) effects into fast aerodynamic tools like XFOIL and RFOIL. It modifies boundary layer equations and uses empirical functions scaled with VG geometry and Reynolds numbers to implement the modified integral boundary layer equations in RFOIL. The model improves accuracy across airfoils and predicts separation delay, stall delay, lift increase, and added drag, enabling VG effects to be included in wind turbine blade design.
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