Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1461-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1461-2026
Research article
 | 
29 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 29 Apr 2026

Flow field analysis of a leading-edge inflatable kite rigid-scale model using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry

Jelle Agatho Wilhelm Poland, Erik Fritz, and Roland Schmehl

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Cited articles

Anderson, J. D.: Fundamentals of aerodynamics, 5th edn., McGraw-Hill Inc., ISBN-10: 0077983467, 2016. a
Barlow, J. B., Rae, W. H., and Pope, A.: Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, 3rd edn., John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN: 0471557749, 1999. a
Belloc, H.: Wind Tunnel Investigation of a Rigid Paraglider Reference Wing, J. Aircraft, 52, 703–708, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C032513, 2015. a
Bensason, D., Sciacchitano, A., and Ferreira, C.: On the wake re-energization of the X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine via the vortex-generator strategy, Wind Energ. Sci., 10, 2137–2159, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025, 2025. a
Breukels, J.: An Engineering Methodology for Kite Design, PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdece38a-1f13-47cc-b277-ed64fdda7cdf (last access: 23 April 2026), 2011. a, b
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Short summary
We studied how air flows around a rigid-scale model of a soft-wing kite used for harvesting airborne wind energy and wind-assisted ship propulsion. Using a wind tunnel and a laser-based imaging method, we measured the airflow at different angles to compare with simulations. Measured flow field results confirm numerical predictions.
For the measurements with low uncertainty, the derived lift force quantities also correspond well with numerical predictions.
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