Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-195-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
Research article
 | 
16 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 16 Jan 2026

Concurrent aerodynamic design of the wing and the turbines of airborne wind energy systems

Filippo Trevisi, Gianni Cassoni, Mac Gaunaa, and Lorenzo Mario Fagiano

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Short summary
This paper investigates the optimal aerodynamic design of the wing and the onboard turbines of the fly-gen airborne wind energy system aircraft, named wind plane here, with a novel comprehensive engineering aerodynamic model and with the vortex particle method. Placing the turbines at the wing tips, rotating them inboard downward with a low tip speed ratio, and using conventional efficient airfoils for the wing are found to be optimal for wind planes.
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