Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2053-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2053-2026
Research article
 | 
12 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 12 Jun 2026

Performance of multi-band MDE-based virtual sensing for estimating lifetime fatigue damage equivalent loads for the IEA 15 MW reference wind turbine

Mads Greve Pedersen, Jennifer Marie Rinker, Isaac Farreras Alcover, and Jan Høgsberg

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Cited articles

ASTM E1049-85: Standard practices for cycle counting in fatigue analysis, https://doi.org/10.1520/E1049-85R17, 2017. a
Augustyn, D., Pedersen, R. R., Tygesen, U. T., Ulriksen, M. D., and Sørensen, J. D.: Feasibility of modal expansion for virtual sensing in offshore wind jacket substructures, Marine Structures, 79, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2021.103019, 2021. a, b, c
Baqersad, J., Niezrecki, C., and Avitabile, P.: Full-field dynamic strain prediction on a wind turbine using displacements of optical targets measured by stereophotogrammetry, Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 62–63, 284–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMSSP.2015.03.021, 2015. a
Bilbao, J., Lourens, E.-M., Schulze, A., and Ziegler, L.: Virtual sensing in an onshore wind turbine tower using a Gaussian process latent force model, Data-Centric Engineering, 3, https://doi.org/10.1017/DCE.2022.38, 2022. a
de N Santos, F., D'Antuono, P., Robbelein, K., Noppe, N., Weijtjens, W., and Devriendt, C.: Long-term fatigue estimation on offshore wind turbines interface loads through loss function physics-guided learning of neural networks, Renewable Energy, 205, 461–474, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.renene.2023.01.093, 2023. a
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Short summary
Offshore wind turbines are prone to fatigue caused by wind, wave, and operational loads, and lifetime extension may be enabled by monitoring stress histories. However, this is challenging because parts of the structure are sub‑sea and sub‑soil parts. Model‑based virtual sensing offers a solution, but current models simplify the rotor, which can lead to errors. This work addresses these errors and concludes that accuracy may be improved by including a flexible-rotor model and environmental variability.
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