Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2869-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2869-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 8
Research article
 | 
11 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 11 Aug 2026

Convolutional versus graph-based surrogate models for inter-farm wake prediction using multi-fidelity transfer learning

Jens Peter Schøler, Frederik Peder Weilmann Rasmussen, M. Paul van der Laan, Alfredo Peña, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré

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Short summary
As offshore wind farms are built closer together, predicting how they affect each other becomes critical. We compared two AI approaches for this task, training both on cheap approximate data before refining them with expensive high-accuracy simulations. One predicts wake boundaries better, while the other estimates wind speeds more accurately, offering complementary tools for future wind farm design.
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