Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3137-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3137-2026
Research article
 | 
31 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 31 Aug 2026

Geometric nonlinear analysis of Timoshenko beams with variable cross-section using co-rotational formulation

Xin Guo, Hailiang Feng, Jiajun Hou, Yanpei Gao, Dongsheng Li, and Peng Guo

Cited articles

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Behdinan, K., Stylianou, M. C., and Tabarrok, B.: Co-rotational dynamic analysis of flexible beams, Comput. Method. Appl. M., 154, 151–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(97)00124-2, 1998. 
Belytschko, T. and Glaum, L. W.: Applications of higher order corotational stretch theories to nonlinear finite element analysis, Comput. Struct., 10, 175–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(79)90085-3, 1979. 
Crisfield, M. A.: A consistent co-rotational formulation for non-linear, three-dimensional, beam-elements, Comput. Method. Appl. M., 81, 131–150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(90)90106-V, 1990. 
Crisfield, M. A. and Moita, G. F.: A unified co-rotational framework for solids, shells and beams, Int. J. Solids Struct., 33, 2969–2992, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(95)00252-9, 1996. 
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Short summary
In summary, this study develops and validates an advanced beam element formulation that successfully addresses two critical challenges in structural analysis: accurate modeling of variable cross-sections and robust simulation of geometric nonlinearity. The comprehensive validation framework demonstrates the method's reliability across multiple benchmark cases, establishing its potential for engineering applications requiring precise analysis of tapered beam structures under large deformations.
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