Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3475-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-3475-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
Review article
 | 
15 Sep 2026
Review article |  | 15 Sep 2026

Review and quantification of major risks in wind farm development and operation

Moritz Gräfe, Azélice Ludot, Matt Shields, Athanasios Kolios, Rajasekhar Pulikollu, and Nikolay Dimitrov

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Short summary
This study examines the risk drivers of the economic success of wind energy projects and how interacting risks threaten that success. We combined expert opinions, survey results, and literature findings to identify key challenges in planning and operation. The results show that risks interact and can cause uneven financial losses, highlighting the need for integrated decision support tools.
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