Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 11
Articles | Volume 11, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-4255-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-4255-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 11
Research article
 | 
13 Nov 2026
Research article |  | 13 Nov 2026

Multi-scale simulations of wind farm impacts on nighttime near-surface temperature in complex terrain

Paul Boumendil, Pierre-Antoine Joulin, Quentin Rodier, and Valéry Masson

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Short summary
Wind turbines can modify atmospheric conditions over wind farms. This study uses multi-scale, coupled atmosphere–soil–vegetation–wind turbine simulations to investigate how a wind farm interacts with a spring frost event in a vineyard area with complex terrain. Such a numerical approach provides new insights into turbine–atmosphere interactions and shows that turbine operation induces vertical mixing that disrupts near-surface atmospheric layers, leading to local warming of up to 2 °C.
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