How well can the Mann model describe  typhoon turbulence?

Müller, Sara; Larsén, Xiaoli Guo; Hu, Fei

doi:10.5194/wes-11-961-2026

Articles | Volume 11, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-961-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-961-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 11, issue 3

Research article

|

26 Mar 2026

Research article |

| 26 Mar 2026

How well can the Mann model describe typhoon turbulence?

Sara Müller, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, and Fei Hu

Data sets

Can the Mann model describe the typhoon turbulence: WRF-namelists Sara Müller https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14610013

International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project, Version 4.01 Jennifer Gahtan et al. https://doi.org/10.25921/82ty-9e16

GPM IMERG Final precipitation L3 Half Hourly 0.1 degree x 0.1 degree V07 G. Huffman et al. https://doi.org/10.5067/GPM/IMERG/3B-HH/07

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1979 to present Hans Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

Model code and software

WRF-ARW W. C. Skamarock et al. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6MK6B4K

Short summary

Wind farms are being developed in areas prone to tropical cyclones. However, it remains unclear whether turbulence models in current design standards, such as the Mann uniform shear model, are suitable for these conditions. For the first time, the Mann model is assessed in depth using high-frequency measurements from four typhoons. Larger-than-predicted spectral energy is found at small wavenumbers in the outer cyclone and, in some cases, in the crosswind component in the inner cyclone.