Articles | Volume 3, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-257-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-257-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 May 2018
Research article |
| 16 May 2018
| 16 May 2018
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: redefining the wake width
Jannik Schottler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
ForWind, University of Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Oldenburg, Germany
Jan Bartl
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Franz Mühle
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
Lars Sætran
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Joachim Peinke
ForWind, University of Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Oldenburg, Germany
Fraunhofer IWES, Oldenburg, Germany
Michael Hölling
ForWind, University of Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Oldenburg, Germany
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59 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Effects of yaw on the wakes evolution of a wind turbine in wind tunnel L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122816
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- Numerical study of the wake induced by a porous disk under deflected inflow S. Guezmir et al. 10.1002/htj.22491
- Towards a better understanding of yawed turbine wake for efficient wake steering in tidal arrays P. Modali et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.152
- An adaptation of the super-Gaussian wake model for yawed wind turbines F. Blondel et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062031
- Study on the near Wake Aerodynamic Characteristics of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine under Combined Surge and Pitch Motion S. Leng et al. 10.3390/en17030744
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- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear J. Bartl et al. 10.5194/wes-3-329-2018
- Parametric dependencies of the yawed wind‐turbine wake development E. Kleusberg et al. 10.1002/we.2395
- Some observations on wake redirection techniques of tandem wind turbines K. Surujhlal et al. 10.1063/5.0255621
- Wake merging and turbulence transition downstream of side-by-side porous discs F. Berstad et al. 10.1017/jfm.2025.10314
- The curled wake model: a three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows L. Martínez-Tossas et al. 10.5194/wes-6-555-2021
- Parametric study of the effectiveness of active yaw control based on large eddy simulation D. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113751
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- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. 10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
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- The far wake of porous disks and a model wind turbine: Similarities and differences assessed by hot-wire anemometry M. Vinnes et al. 10.1063/5.0074218
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- Further Study on the Effects of Wind Turbine Yaw Operation for Aiding Active Wake Management J. Dai et al. 10.3390/app10061978
- The influence of yaw misalignment on turbine power output fluctuations and unsteady aerodynamic loads within wind farms E. Aju et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2023.06.015
- Experimental investigation of wind turbine wake and load dynamics during yaw maneuvers S. Macrí et al. 10.5194/wes-6-585-2021
- Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Lateral Turbine Spacing on Interactions of Wakes J. Maus et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042064
- Design of twist-modified lab-scale wind turbine rotors for enhanced wake recovery V. Sellevold et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012006
- Large-eddy simulation on the similarity between wakes of wind turbines with different yaw angles Z. Li & X. Yang 10.1017/jfm.2021.495
- Experimental study on the characteristics of wind turbine wake field considering yaw conditions X. Zhao et al. 10.1002/ese3.987
- Particle image velocimetry measurement of turbulent wake past circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers from 2.5·103to 1.5·104 O. Sterly et al. 10.1051/matecconf/202134500030
- Optimization of wind turbine yaw angles in a wind farm using a three-dimensional yawed wake model B. Dou et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118415
- Analytical three‐dimensional wind flow model for real‐time wind farm simulation V. Kipke et al. 10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0106
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- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Large Eddy Simulation of Yawed Wind Turbine Wake Deformation H. Kim & S. Lee 10.3390/en15176125
- Comparison of the turbulence in the wakes of an actuator disc and a model wind turbine by higher order statistics: A wind tunnel study I. Neunaber et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.002
- Numerical study and analytical modeling of yaw error effects on wind farm power performance D. Wei et al. 10.1063/5.0271353
- Distinct Turbulent Regions in the Wake of a Wind Turbine and Their Inflow-Dependent Locations: The Creation of a Wake Map I. Neunaber et al. 10.3390/en13205392
- Wind farm power optimization via yaw angle control: A wind tunnel study M. Bastankhah & F. Porté-Agel 10.1063/1.5077038
- Effect of background turbulence on the wakes of horizontal-axis and vertical-axis wind turbines W. van der Deijl et al. 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105877
- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. 10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
- Analysis of Near-Wake Deflection Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Tower under Yaw State Z. Liu et al. 10.32604/EE.2021.016357
- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear J. Bartl et al. 10.5194/wes-3-329-2018
- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: redefining the wake width J. Schottler et al. 10.5194/wes-3-257-2018
55 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of turbulence level on intermittent-like events in the wake of a model wind turbine Y. Zheng et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.052
- Effects of turbulence intermittency on wind turbine loads under different atmospheric stability conditions: A multi-time scale analysis Y. Wang et al. 10.1063/5.0244658
- An assessment of the scalings for the streamwise evolution of turbulent quantities in wakes produced by porous objects E. Lingkan & O. Buxton 10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.101
- Analysis of Wind Turbine Equipment Failure and Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Research H. Peng et al. 10.3390/su15108333
- Wind tunnel study on power output and yaw moments for two yaw-controlled model wind turbines J. Bartl et al. 10.5194/wes-3-489-2018
- Effects of yaw on the wakes evolution of a wind turbine in wind tunnel L. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122816
- A Study of the Impact of Pitch Misalignment on Wind Turbine Performance D. Astolfi 10.3390/machines7010008
- A wind tunnel investigation of yawed wind turbine wake impacts on downwind wind turbine performances and wind loads T. Uchida et al. 10.1177/0309524X221150219
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
- Wind Tunnel Study on the Tip Speed Ratio’s Impact on a Wind Turbine Wake Development I. Neunaber et al. 10.3390/en15228607
- Numerical study of the wake induced by a porous disk under deflected inflow S. Guezmir et al. 10.1002/htj.22491
- Towards a better understanding of yawed turbine wake for efficient wake steering in tidal arrays P. Modali et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.152
- An adaptation of the super-Gaussian wake model for yawed wind turbines F. Blondel et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062031
- Study on the near Wake Aerodynamic Characteristics of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine under Combined Surge and Pitch Motion S. Leng et al. 10.3390/en17030744
- Wake development in floating wind turbines: new insights and an open dataset from wind tunnel experiments A. Fontanella et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1369-2025
- Wake Width: Discussion of Several Methods How to Estimate It by Using Measured Experimental Data D. Duda et al. 10.3390/en14154712
- Characterizing porous disk wakes in different turbulent inflow conditions with higher-order statistics M. Vinnes et al. 10.1007/s00348-022-03565-9
- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear J. Bartl et al. 10.5194/wes-3-329-2018
- Parametric dependencies of the yawed wind‐turbine wake development E. Kleusberg et al. 10.1002/we.2395
- Some observations on wake redirection techniques of tandem wind turbines K. Surujhlal et al. 10.1063/5.0255621
- Wake merging and turbulence transition downstream of side-by-side porous discs F. Berstad et al. 10.1017/jfm.2025.10314
- The curled wake model: a three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows L. Martínez-Tossas et al. 10.5194/wes-6-555-2021
- Parametric study of the effectiveness of active yaw control based on large eddy simulation D. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113751
- The Influence of Yaw Misalignment on Turbine Power Output Fluctuations and Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads within Wind Farms E. Aju et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4194363
- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. 10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
- Power output fluctuations and unsteady aerodynamic loads of a scaled wind turbine subjected to periodically oscillating wind environments E. Aju et al. 10.1063/5.0219853
- The far wake of porous disks and a model wind turbine: Similarities and differences assessed by hot-wire anemometry M. Vinnes et al. 10.1063/5.0074218
- The Yawing Behavior of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines: A Numerical and Experimental Analysis F. Castellani et al. 10.3390/machines7010015
- Application of the Townsend–George theory for free shear flows to single and double wind turbine wakes – a wind tunnel study I. Neunaber et al. 10.5194/wes-7-201-2022
- Artificial Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning for Wind Turbine Yaw Control A. Saenz-Aguirre et al. 10.3390/en12030436
- On the dynamics of a model wind turbine under passive tower oscillations B. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118608
- Modelling Yawed Wind Turbine Wakes: Extension of a Gaussian-Based Wake Model D. Wei et al. 10.3390/en14154494
- Modelling and assessing the near-wake representation and turbulence behaviour of control-oriented wake models P. Hulsman et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/2/022056
- Assessment of yaw-control effects on wind turbine-wake interaction: A coupled unsteady vortex lattice method and curled wake model analysis W. Han et al. 10.1016/j.jweia.2023.105559
- A time‐varying formulation of the curled wake model within the FAST.Farm framework E. Branlard et al. 10.1002/we.2785
- Wake impact on aerodynamic characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbine under yawed flow conditions H. Lee & D. Lee 10.1016/j.renene.2018.12.126
- Development of a curled wake of a yawed wind turbine under turbulent and sheared inflow P. Hulsman et al. 10.5194/wes-7-237-2022
- Further Study on the Effects of Wind Turbine Yaw Operation for Aiding Active Wake Management J. Dai et al. 10.3390/app10061978
- The influence of yaw misalignment on turbine power output fluctuations and unsteady aerodynamic loads within wind farms E. Aju et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2023.06.015
- Experimental investigation of wind turbine wake and load dynamics during yaw maneuvers S. Macrí et al. 10.5194/wes-6-585-2021
- Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Lateral Turbine Spacing on Interactions of Wakes J. Maus et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042064
- Design of twist-modified lab-scale wind turbine rotors for enhanced wake recovery V. Sellevold et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012006
- Large-eddy simulation on the similarity between wakes of wind turbines with different yaw angles Z. Li & X. Yang 10.1017/jfm.2021.495
- Experimental study on the characteristics of wind turbine wake field considering yaw conditions X. Zhao et al. 10.1002/ese3.987
- Particle image velocimetry measurement of turbulent wake past circular cylinder at Reynolds numbers from 2.5·103to 1.5·104 O. Sterly et al. 10.1051/matecconf/202134500030
- Optimization of wind turbine yaw angles in a wind farm using a three-dimensional yawed wake model B. Dou et al. 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118415
- Analytical three‐dimensional wind flow model for real‐time wind farm simulation V. Kipke et al. 10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0106
- A novel yaw wake model for wind farm control applications W. Shen et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119465
- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Large Eddy Simulation of Yawed Wind Turbine Wake Deformation H. Kim & S. Lee 10.3390/en15176125
- Comparison of the turbulence in the wakes of an actuator disc and a model wind turbine by higher order statistics: A wind tunnel study I. Neunaber et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.002
- Numerical study and analytical modeling of yaw error effects on wind farm power performance D. Wei et al. 10.1063/5.0271353
- Distinct Turbulent Regions in the Wake of a Wind Turbine and Their Inflow-Dependent Locations: The Creation of a Wake Map I. Neunaber et al. 10.3390/en13205392
- Wind farm power optimization via yaw angle control: A wind tunnel study M. Bastankhah & F. Porté-Agel 10.1063/1.5077038
- Effect of background turbulence on the wakes of horizontal-axis and vertical-axis wind turbines W. van der Deijl et al. 10.1016/j.jweia.2024.105877
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Blind test comparison on the wake behind a yawed wind turbine F. Mühle et al. 10.5194/wes-3-883-2018
- Analysis of Near-Wake Deflection Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Tower under Yaw State Z. Liu et al. 10.32604/EE.2021.016357
- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear J. Bartl et al. 10.5194/wes-3-329-2018
- Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: redefining the wake width J. Schottler et al. 10.5194/wes-3-257-2018
Latest update: 26 Jul 2025
Short summary
In this work, the wake flows behind two different model wind turbines were investigated in wind tunnel experiments user laser Doppler anemometry. It was found that the width of the wake flow is significantly dependent on the quantities examined, becoming much wider when taking higher-order statistics into account. This effect is stable against yaw misalignment and thus affects not only wind farm layout optimizations but also the applicability of active wake steering methods.
In this work, the wake flows behind two different model wind turbines were investigated in wind...
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