Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-325-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-325-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Jun 2019
Research article |
| 03 Jun 2019
| 03 Jun 2019
Extreme wind fluctuations: joint statistics, extreme turbulence, and impact on wind turbine loads
DTU Wind Energy Dept., Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Mark Kelly
DTU Wind Energy Dept., Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Nikolay Dimitrov
DTU Wind Energy Dept., Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
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Cited
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- LES Modelling of Highly Transient Wind Speed Ramps in Wind Farms S. Andersen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012015
- Micro sitting of floating wind turbines in a wind farm using a multi-criteria framework H. Díaz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.016
- Increasing extreme winds challenge offshore wind energy resilience Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65105-3
- Detection and characterization of extreme wind speed ramps Á. Hannesdóttir & M. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-385-2019
- Highlighting the impact of yaw control by parsing atmospheric conditions based on total variation N. Hamilton https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1452/1/012006
- Peaks over Manifold (POM): A Novel Technique to Analyze Extreme Events over Surfaces G. Perera & A. Segura https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2022.121004
- A benchmarking exercise for environmental contours A. Haselsteiner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109504
- Flow acceleration statistics: a new paradigm for wind-driven loads, towards probabilistic turbine design M. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-535-2025
- Buffeting response of long-span bridges considering uncertain turbulence parameters using the environmental contour method T. Lystad et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110575
- Extreme wind speed ramp events: A measurement-based approach for improving the modelling of ultimate loads for wind turbine design P. Ranka et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032042
- Comparison of Measured and Simulated Turbine Response to Cold Pool Events F. Krimm et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022056
- Uncovering wind power forecasting uncertainty sources and their propagation through the whole modelling chain J. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112519
- An open-source Python-based tool for Mann turbulence generation with constraints and non-Gaussian capabilities N. Dimitrov et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052058
- Retrospective de‐trending of wind site turbulence using machine learning F. Tough & E. Hart https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2720
- DLC-Organized Tower Base Forces and Moments for the IEA-15 MW on a Jack-up-Type Support (K-Wind): Integrated Analyses and Cross-Code Verification J. Sung et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112077
- Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control, and wind turbine loads Á. Hannesdóttir et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-231-2023
- Full long-term extreme buffeting response calculations using sequential Gaussian process surrogate modeling T. Lystad et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116495
- Asymptotic Extremal Distribution for Non-Stationary, Strongly-Dependent Data C. Crisci & G. Perera https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2022.128036
- Environmental contours for wind-resistant bridge design in complex terrain D. Castellon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.104943
- Structural Load Optimization of 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Using LHS-Based Design Space S. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061066
- Characteristics of extreme wind ramps observed from a fleet of turbines A. Patel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022005
- Measurement-driven large-eddy simulations of a diurnal cycle during a wake-steering field campaign E. Quon https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-495-2024
- The Markov Property of Atmospheric Turbulence on Time Scales from Seconds to Minutes F. Köhne & J. Peinke https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022015
- A High-Resolution WRF Case Study of a Thunderstorm-Induced Cold Pool and Impacts on Wind Turbine Power Output, Wake Structure and Mechanical Loading G. Kilroy et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022062
- Extreme turbulence effects on wind turbine loads: A case study for the North China Plain using nacelle lidar F. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.125774
- A Multivariate AI-Driven Generalized Framework for Structural Load Prediction of Monopile Used for Offshore Wind Turbines Under Non-Linear Wind and Wave Conditions S. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112154
- Simulating Near-Surface Winds in Europe with the WRF Model: Assessing Parameterization Sensitivity Under Extreme Wind Conditions M. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060665
- Possibility of Solid Hydrometeor Growth Zone Identification Using Radar Spectrum Width S. Suh et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1472-0
- Statistical impact of wind-speed ramp events on turbines, via observations and coupled fluid-dynamic and aeroelastic simulations M. Kelly et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1227-2021
- Gaussian mixture model for extreme wind turbulence estimation X. Zhang & A. Natarajan https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2135-2022
- Applying a random time mapping to Mann-modeled turbulence for the generation of intermittent wind fields K. Yassin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1133-2023
- Integrated Multi-Scale Spectral Framework for Tropical Cyclone Dynamics: Implications for Offshore Wind Energy Resilience in the Atlantic Caribbean Basin M. Carbonó dela Rosa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102473
- Superstatistical Wind Fields from Pointwise Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements J. Friedrich et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXEnergy.1.023006
- Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems P. Veers et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1071-2023
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- LES Modelling of Highly Transient Wind Speed Ramps in Wind Farms S. Andersen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012015
- Micro sitting of floating wind turbines in a wind farm using a multi-criteria framework H. Díaz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.016
- Increasing extreme winds challenge offshore wind energy resilience Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65105-3
- Detection and characterization of extreme wind speed ramps Á. Hannesdóttir & M. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-385-2019
- Highlighting the impact of yaw control by parsing atmospheric conditions based on total variation N. Hamilton https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1452/1/012006
- Peaks over Manifold (POM): A Novel Technique to Analyze Extreme Events over Surfaces G. Perera & A. Segura https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2022.121004
- A benchmarking exercise for environmental contours A. Haselsteiner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109504
- Flow acceleration statistics: a new paradigm for wind-driven loads, towards probabilistic turbine design M. Kelly https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-535-2025
- Buffeting response of long-span bridges considering uncertain turbulence parameters using the environmental contour method T. Lystad et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110575
- Extreme wind speed ramp events: A measurement-based approach for improving the modelling of ultimate loads for wind turbine design P. Ranka et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032042
- Comparison of Measured and Simulated Turbine Response to Cold Pool Events F. Krimm et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022056
- Uncovering wind power forecasting uncertainty sources and their propagation through the whole modelling chain J. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112519
- An open-source Python-based tool for Mann turbulence generation with constraints and non-Gaussian capabilities N. Dimitrov et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052058
- Retrospective de‐trending of wind site turbulence using machine learning F. Tough & E. Hart https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2720
- DLC-Organized Tower Base Forces and Moments for the IEA-15 MW on a Jack-up-Type Support (K-Wind): Integrated Analyses and Cross-Code Verification J. Sung et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112077
- Extreme coherent gusts with direction change – probabilistic model, yaw control, and wind turbine loads Á. Hannesdóttir et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-231-2023
- Full long-term extreme buffeting response calculations using sequential Gaussian process surrogate modeling T. Lystad et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116495
- Asymptotic Extremal Distribution for Non-Stationary, Strongly-Dependent Data C. Crisci & G. Perera https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2022.128036
- Environmental contours for wind-resistant bridge design in complex terrain D. Castellon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.104943
- Structural Load Optimization of 15 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Using LHS-Based Design Space S. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061066
- Characteristics of extreme wind ramps observed from a fleet of turbines A. Patel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022005
- Measurement-driven large-eddy simulations of a diurnal cycle during a wake-steering field campaign E. Quon https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-495-2024
- The Markov Property of Atmospheric Turbulence on Time Scales from Seconds to Minutes F. Köhne & J. Peinke https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022015
- A High-Resolution WRF Case Study of a Thunderstorm-Induced Cold Pool and Impacts on Wind Turbine Power Output, Wake Structure and Mechanical Loading G. Kilroy et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022062
- Extreme turbulence effects on wind turbine loads: A case study for the North China Plain using nacelle lidar F. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.125774
- A Multivariate AI-Driven Generalized Framework for Structural Load Prediction of Monopile Used for Offshore Wind Turbines Under Non-Linear Wind and Wave Conditions S. Ali et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13112154
- Simulating Near-Surface Winds in Europe with the WRF Model: Assessing Parameterization Sensitivity Under Extreme Wind Conditions M. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16060665
- Possibility of Solid Hydrometeor Growth Zone Identification Using Radar Spectrum Width S. Suh et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-1472-0
- Statistical impact of wind-speed ramp events on turbines, via observations and coupled fluid-dynamic and aeroelastic simulations M. Kelly et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1227-2021
- Gaussian mixture model for extreme wind turbulence estimation X. Zhang & A. Natarajan https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2135-2022
- Applying a random time mapping to Mann-modeled turbulence for the generation of intermittent wind fields K. Yassin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1133-2023
- Integrated Multi-Scale Spectral Framework for Tropical Cyclone Dynamics: Implications for Offshore Wind Energy Resilience in the Atlantic Caribbean Basin M. Carbonó dela Rosa et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19102473
- Superstatistical Wind Fields from Pointwise Atmospheric Turbulence Measurements J. Friedrich et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXEnergy.1.023006
- Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems P. Veers et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1071-2023
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
We investigate large wind speed fluctuations from a 10-year period at the Danish coastal site Høvsøre. The most extreme fluctuations are not turbulent but due to larger-scale weather phenomena. We find how these fluctuations impact wind turbines using simulations. The results are then compared to an extreme turbulence model described in the wind turbine safety standards, and it is found that the loads on the different turbine components are not the same as what the standard describes.
We investigate large wind speed fluctuations from a 10-year period at the Danish coastal site...
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