Articles | Volume 5, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1705-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
North Sea region energy system towards 2050: integrated offshore grid and sector coupling drive offshore wind power installations
Matti Koivisto
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Juan Gea-Bermúdez
Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Department of Management, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby,
Denmark
Polyneikis Kanellas
Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Kaushik Das
Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Poul Sørensen
Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis I. Eguinoa et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.80
- Offshore wind and hybrids - A counterfactual case study for impacts in the coupled day-ahead market of Europe F. Jakob Fliegner et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339305
- Establishing Regional Power Sustainability and Feasibility Using Wind Farm Land-Use Optimization A. Gharaibeh et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050442
- Bridging theory and practice: Building a coordinated offshore grid in the North Sea and United States Eastern Seaboard T. Hansen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100223
- Day-Ahead Market Modelling of Large-Scale Highly-Renewable Multi-Energy Systems: Analysis of the North Sea Region towards 2050 J. Gea-Bermúdez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010088
- The Value of Sector Coupling for the Development of Offshore Power Grids J. Gea-Bermúdez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030747
- System interactions constraining offshore wind deployment in the Dutch North Sea I. Wakounig & V. de Gooyert https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.126286
- Interdisciplinary perspectives on offshore energy system integration in the North Sea: A systematic literature review J. Wiegner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113970
- Reviewing sector coupling in offshore energy system integration modelling: the North Sea context A. Peecock et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115220
- Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry T. Skjølsvold et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103334
- Offshore wind power market values in the North Sea – A probabilistic approach E. Jåstad & T. Bolkesjø https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126594
- Floating wind farms in sea basins with moderate wind speeds: a critical assessment of the potential of low-specific-power turbines in reducing the LCoE R. Travaglini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115990
- The role of offshore wind energy hubs in the Baltic Sea energy system R. Bramstoft et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.140554
- Strategic importance of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor to marine biology and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean R. Lennox et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12600
- A Review of the European Floating Structures for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems A. Bujor et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19143450
- Public Service Obligation Levy in the Context of Energy Sustainability and Security: The Cases of Ireland, Greece, Denmark and Lithuania T. Karpavicius & T. Balezentis https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010016
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis I. Eguinoa et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/adc2.80
- Offshore wind and hybrids - A counterfactual case study for impacts in the coupled day-ahead market of Europe F. Jakob Fliegner et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339305
- Establishing Regional Power Sustainability and Feasibility Using Wind Farm Land-Use Optimization A. Gharaibeh et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050442
- Bridging theory and practice: Building a coordinated offshore grid in the North Sea and United States Eastern Seaboard T. Hansen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2025.100223
- Day-Ahead Market Modelling of Large-Scale Highly-Renewable Multi-Energy Systems: Analysis of the North Sea Region towards 2050 J. Gea-Bermúdez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010088
- The Value of Sector Coupling for the Development of Offshore Power Grids J. Gea-Bermúdez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030747
- System interactions constraining offshore wind deployment in the Dutch North Sea I. Wakounig & V. de Gooyert https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2026.126286
- Interdisciplinary perspectives on offshore energy system integration in the North Sea: A systematic literature review J. Wiegner et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113970
- Reviewing sector coupling in offshore energy system integration modelling: the North Sea context A. Peecock et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115220
- Conditions for just offshore wind energy: Addressing the societal challenges of the North Sea wind industry T. Skjølsvold et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103334
- Offshore wind power market values in the North Sea – A probabilistic approach E. Jåstad & T. Bolkesjø https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126594
- Floating wind farms in sea basins with moderate wind speeds: a critical assessment of the potential of low-specific-power turbines in reducing the LCoE R. Travaglini et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.115990
- The role of offshore wind energy hubs in the Baltic Sea energy system R. Bramstoft et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.140554
- Strategic importance of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor to marine biology and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean R. Lennox et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12600
- A Review of the European Floating Structures for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems A. Bujor et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19143450
- Public Service Obligation Levy in the Context of Energy Sustainability and Security: The Cases of Ireland, Greece, Denmark and Lithuania T. Karpavicius & T. Balezentis https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010016
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 04 Sep 2026
Short summary
Several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region are analysed. With a focus on offshore wind, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. The results show that the introduction of a meshed grid can increase offshore wind power installations by around 10 GW towards 2050. However, sector coupling is expected to increase offshore wind power installations by tens of gigawatts.
Several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region are analysed. With a focus...
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