Articles | Volume 6, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-159-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-159-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Jan 2021
Research article |
| 27 Jan 2021
| 27 Jan 2021
Field experiment for open-loop yaw-based wake steering at a commercial onshore wind farm in Italy
Bart M. Doekemeijer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Stefan Kern
GE Renewable Energy, 85748 Garching, Germany
Sivateja Maturu
GE Renewable Energy, 85748 Garching, Germany
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
Stoyan Kanev
TNO Energy Transition, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, the Netherlands
Bastian Salbert
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
Johannes Schreiber
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
Filippo Campagnolo
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
Carlo L. Bottasso
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
Simone Schuler
GE Renewable Energy, 85748 Garching, Germany
Friedrich Wilts
UL International GmbH – DEWI, Ebertstrasse 96, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Thomas Neumann
UL International GmbH – DEWI, Ebertstrasse 96, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Giancarlo Potenza
Enel Green Power, Viale Regina Margherita 125, Rome, Italy
Fabio Calabretta
Enel Green Power, Viale Regina Margherita 125, Rome, Italy
Federico Fioretti
Enel Green Power, Viale Regina Margherita 125, Rome, Italy
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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Cited
37 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1641-2022
- The value of wake steering wind farm flow control in US energy markets E. Simley et al. 10.5194/wes-9-219-2024
- Adjoint optimisation for wind farm flow control with a free-vortex wake model M. van den Broek et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.120
- Adaptive economic predictive control for offshore wind farm active yaw considering generation uncertainty Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121849
- Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance E. Simley et al. 10.5194/wes-6-1427-2021
- Comparison of the Gaussian Wind Farm Model with Historical Data of Three Offshore Wind Farms B. Doekemeijer et al. 10.3390/en15061964
- Optimal closed-loop wake steering – Part 2: Diurnal cycle atmospheric boundary layer conditions M. Howland et al. 10.5194/wes-7-345-2022
- Yaw Optimisation for Wind Farm Production Maximisation Based on a Dynamic Wake Model Z. Deng et al. 10.3390/en16093932
- Wind farm yaw control set-point optimization under model parameter uncertainty M. Howland 10.1063/5.0051071
- Sensitivity analysis and Bayesian calibration of a dynamic wind farm control model: FLORIDyn V. Dighe et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022062
- Axial induction controller field test at Sedini wind farm E. Bossanyi & R. Ruisi 10.5194/wes-6-389-2021
- Quantitative assessment on fatigue damage induced by wake effect and yaw misalignment for floating offshore wind turbines T. Tao et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116004
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
- Digital twin of wind farms via physics-informed deep learning J. Zhang & X. Zhao 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117507
- Increased power gains from wake steering control using preview wind direction information B. Sengers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1693-2023
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Yaw by Individual Pitch Control Applied to Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.3389/fenrg.2022.883889
- Sensitivity and Uncertainty of the FLORIS Model Applied on the Lillgrund Wind Farm M. van Beek et al. 10.3390/en14051293
- Validation of an interpretable data-driven wake model using lidar measurements from a field wake steering experiment B. Sengers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-747-2023
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al. 10.5194/wes-6-1521-2021
- Investigating the impact of atmospheric conditions on wake-steering performance at a commercial wind plant E. Simley et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032097
- Collective wind farm operation based on a predictive model increases utility-scale energy production M. Howland et al. 10.1038/s41560-022-01085-8
- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022019
- Large Eddy Simulation of Yawed Wind Turbine Wake Deformation H. Kim & S. Lee 10.3390/en15176125
- Maximizing wind farm power output with the helix approach: Experimental validation and wake analysis using tomographic particle image velocimetry D. van der Hoek et al. 10.1002/we.2896
- Wake steering of multirotor wind turbines G. Speakman et al. 10.1002/we.2633
- Addressing deep array effects and impacts to wake steering with the cumulative-curl wake model C. Bay et al. 10.5194/wes-8-401-2023
- Design and Analysis of Yaw Command Tracking Control Algorithm for Wind Turbine for Wind Farm Control Application T. Jeon et al. 10.7836/kses.2021.41.3.065
- Stochastic Dynamical Modeling of Wind Farm Turbulence A. Bhatt et al. 10.3390/en16196908
- Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges J. Meyers et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
- Turbine power loss during yaw-misaligned free field tests at different atmospheric conditions P. Hulsman et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032074
- Time-domain fatigue damage assessment for wind turbine tower bolts under yaw optimization control at offshore wind farm T. Tao et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117706
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022
- The wind farm as a sensor: learning and explaining orographic and plant-induced flow heterogeneities from operational data R. Braunbehrens et al. 10.5194/wes-8-691-2023
- Influence of atmospheric conditions on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines in yaw misalignment M. Howland et al. 10.1063/5.0023746
- Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines D. Houck 10.1002/we.2668
- On the load impact of dynamic wind farm wake mixing strategies J. Frederik & J. van Wingerden 10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.110
34 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1641-2022
- The value of wake steering wind farm flow control in US energy markets E. Simley et al. 10.5194/wes-9-219-2024
- Adjoint optimisation for wind farm flow control with a free-vortex wake model M. van den Broek et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.120
- Adaptive economic predictive control for offshore wind farm active yaw considering generation uncertainty Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121849
- Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance E. Simley et al. 10.5194/wes-6-1427-2021
- Comparison of the Gaussian Wind Farm Model with Historical Data of Three Offshore Wind Farms B. Doekemeijer et al. 10.3390/en15061964
- Optimal closed-loop wake steering – Part 2: Diurnal cycle atmospheric boundary layer conditions M. Howland et al. 10.5194/wes-7-345-2022
- Yaw Optimisation for Wind Farm Production Maximisation Based on a Dynamic Wake Model Z. Deng et al. 10.3390/en16093932
- Wind farm yaw control set-point optimization under model parameter uncertainty M. Howland 10.1063/5.0051071
- Sensitivity analysis and Bayesian calibration of a dynamic wind farm control model: FLORIDyn V. Dighe et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022062
- Axial induction controller field test at Sedini wind farm E. Bossanyi & R. Ruisi 10.5194/wes-6-389-2021
- Quantitative assessment on fatigue damage induced by wake effect and yaw misalignment for floating offshore wind turbines T. Tao et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.116004
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
- Digital twin of wind farms via physics-informed deep learning J. Zhang & X. Zhao 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117507
- Increased power gains from wake steering control using preview wind direction information B. Sengers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1693-2023
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Yaw by Individual Pitch Control Applied to Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.3389/fenrg.2022.883889
- Sensitivity and Uncertainty of the FLORIS Model Applied on the Lillgrund Wind Farm M. van Beek et al. 10.3390/en14051293
- Validation of an interpretable data-driven wake model using lidar measurements from a field wake steering experiment B. Sengers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-747-2023
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al. 10.5194/wes-6-1521-2021
- Investigating the impact of atmospheric conditions on wake-steering performance at a commercial wind plant E. Simley et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032097
- Collective wind farm operation based on a predictive model increases utility-scale energy production M. Howland et al. 10.1038/s41560-022-01085-8
- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. 10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022019
- Large Eddy Simulation of Yawed Wind Turbine Wake Deformation H. Kim & S. Lee 10.3390/en15176125
- Maximizing wind farm power output with the helix approach: Experimental validation and wake analysis using tomographic particle image velocimetry D. van der Hoek et al. 10.1002/we.2896
- Wake steering of multirotor wind turbines G. Speakman et al. 10.1002/we.2633
- Addressing deep array effects and impacts to wake steering with the cumulative-curl wake model C. Bay et al. 10.5194/wes-8-401-2023
- Design and Analysis of Yaw Command Tracking Control Algorithm for Wind Turbine for Wind Farm Control Application T. Jeon et al. 10.7836/kses.2021.41.3.065
- Stochastic Dynamical Modeling of Wind Farm Turbulence A. Bhatt et al. 10.3390/en16196908
- Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges J. Meyers et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
- Turbine power loss during yaw-misaligned free field tests at different atmospheric conditions P. Hulsman et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032074
- Time-domain fatigue damage assessment for wind turbine tower bolts under yaw optimization control at offshore wind farm T. Tao et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117706
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1791-2022
- The wind farm as a sensor: learning and explaining orographic and plant-induced flow heterogeneities from operational data R. Braunbehrens et al. 10.5194/wes-8-691-2023
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of atmospheric conditions on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines in yaw misalignment M. Howland et al. 10.1063/5.0023746
- Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines D. Houck 10.1002/we.2668
- On the load impact of dynamic wind farm wake mixing strategies J. Frederik & J. van Wingerden 10.1016/j.renene.2022.05.110
Latest update: 19 Apr 2024
Short summary
This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating wake steering on an onshore wind farm. The measurements show that wake steering leads to increases in power production of up to 35 % for two-turbine interactions and up to 16 % for three-turbine interactions. However, losses in power production are seen for various regions of wind directions. The results suggest that further research is necessary before wake steering will consistently lead to energy gains in wind farms.
This article presents the results of a field experiment investigating wake steering on an...
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