Articles | Volume 6, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-961-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-961-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 30 Jun 2021
| 30 Jun 2021
How realistic are the wakes of scaled wind turbine models?
Chengyu Wang
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München,
85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Filippo Campagnolo
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München,
85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Helena Canet
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München,
85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Daniel J. Barreiro
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München,
85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Wind Energy Institute, Technische Universität München,
85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 3,294 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Nov 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,320 | 897 | 77 | 3,294 | 95 | 99 |
- HTML: 2,320
- PDF: 897
- XML: 77
- Total: 3,294
- BibTeX: 95
- EndNote: 99
Total article views: 2,624 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 30 Jun 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,993 | 559 | 72 | 2,624 | 76 | 86 |
- HTML: 1,993
- PDF: 559
- XML: 72
- Total: 2,624
- BibTeX: 76
- EndNote: 86
Total article views: 670 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Nov 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 327 | 338 | 5 | 670 | 19 | 13 |
- HTML: 327
- PDF: 338
- XML: 5
- Total: 670
- BibTeX: 19
- EndNote: 13
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 3,294 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,175 with geography defined
and 119 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,624 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,543 with geography defined
and 81 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 670 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 632 with geography defined
and 38 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
31 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Yaw by Individual Pitch Control Applied to Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.3389/fenrg.2022.883889
- Wake development in floating wind turbines: new insights and an open dataset from wind tunnel experiments A. Fontanella et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1369-2025
- Volumetric visualization of vanishing vortices in wind turbine wakes J. Hillestad et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.L052701
- Dominant flow features in the wake of a wind turbine at high Reynolds numbers A. Piqué et al. 10.1063/5.0086746
- Experimental and numerical investigation on the potential of wake mixing by dynamic yaw for wind farm power optimization F. Mühle et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092068
- Wind tunnel investigation of the wake-flow response for a floating turbine subjected to surge motion A. Fontanella et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042023
- Integrated Design and Experimental Validation of a Fixed-Pitch Rotor for Wind Tunnel Testing A. Fontanella et al. 10.3390/en16052205
- Review of research on wake characteristics in horizontal-axis tidal turbines X. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119159
- Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems P. Veers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1071-2023
- How does turbulence affect wake development in floating wind turbines? Some insights from comparative large-eddy simulations and wind tunnel experiments L. Pagamonci et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1707-2025
- An experimental investigation of the effects of a boundary layer inflow on the wake characteristics of a model wind turbine and a porous disk B. Öztürk et al. 10.1063/5.0249345
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Combined Derating and Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1034
- A blind test on wind turbine wake modelling: Benchmark results and Phase II announcement I. Chondromatidis et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012035
- A scaling methodology for the Hybrid-Lambda Rotor – characterization and validation in wind tunnel experiments D. Ribnitzky et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1329-2025
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114279
- The near-wake development of a wind turbine operating in stalled conditions – Part 1: Assessment of numerical models P. Weihing et al. 10.5194/wes-9-933-2024
- Design, steady performance and wake characterization of a scaled wind turbine with pitch, torque and yaw actuation E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1263-2022
- Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Aerodynamic Loads in FAST.Farm Under Controlled Wake Conditions A. Fontanella et al. 10.1002/we.70026
- Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1641-2022
- Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Sources in Egypt—Current Status, Grid Codes and Future Vision H. Abubakr et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140385
- Validation of induction/steering reserve-boosting active power control by a wind tunnel experiment with dynamic wind direction changes S. Tamaro et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092067
- Further improvements to the double-Gaussian wake model C. Zengler et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092066
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022019
- Laboratory investigation of the near and intermediate wake of a wind turbine at very high Reynolds numbers A. Piqué et al. 10.1007/s00348-022-03455-0
- Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges J. Meyers et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
- Wind tunnel investigation of the aerodynamic response of two 15 MW floating wind turbines A. Fontanella et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1711-2022
- Design and Implementation of an Experimental Test Bench for the Study of Active Flow Control in Scale Wind Turbines J. Franco & G. Salinas-Anaya 10.1115/1.4067504
- Validation of a Large-Eddy Simulation Approach for Prediction of the Ground Roughness Influence on Wind Turbine Wakes V. Stein & H. Kaltenbach 10.3390/en15072579
- On the power and control of a misaligned rotor – beyond the cosine law S. Tamaro et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1547-2024
- First experimental results on lifetime-aware wind farm control R. Braunbehrens et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032042
- On the scaling of wind turbine rotors H. Canet et al. 10.5194/wes-6-601-2021
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Yaw by Individual Pitch Control Applied to Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.3389/fenrg.2022.883889
- Wake development in floating wind turbines: new insights and an open dataset from wind tunnel experiments A. Fontanella et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1369-2025
- Volumetric visualization of vanishing vortices in wind turbine wakes J. Hillestad et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.L052701
- Dominant flow features in the wake of a wind turbine at high Reynolds numbers A. Piqué et al. 10.1063/5.0086746
- Experimental and numerical investigation on the potential of wake mixing by dynamic yaw for wind farm power optimization F. Mühle et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092068
- Wind tunnel investigation of the wake-flow response for a floating turbine subjected to surge motion A. Fontanella et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042023
- Integrated Design and Experimental Validation of a Fixed-Pitch Rotor for Wind Tunnel Testing A. Fontanella et al. 10.3390/en16052205
- Review of research on wake characteristics in horizontal-axis tidal turbines X. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.119159
- Grand challenges in the design, manufacture, and operation of future wind turbine systems P. Veers et al. 10.5194/wes-8-1071-2023
- How does turbulence affect wake development in floating wind turbines? Some insights from comparative large-eddy simulations and wind tunnel experiments L. Pagamonci et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1707-2025
- An experimental investigation of the effects of a boundary layer inflow on the wake characteristics of a model wind turbine and a porous disk B. Öztürk et al. 10.1063/5.0249345
- Wind Tunnel Testing of Combined Derating and Wake Steering F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1034
- A blind test on wind turbine wake modelling: Benchmark results and Phase II announcement I. Chondromatidis et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012035
- A scaling methodology for the Hybrid-Lambda Rotor – characterization and validation in wind tunnel experiments D. Ribnitzky et al. 10.5194/wes-10-1329-2025
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al. 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114279
- The near-wake development of a wind turbine operating in stalled conditions – Part 1: Assessment of numerical models P. Weihing et al. 10.5194/wes-9-933-2024
- Design, steady performance and wake characterization of a scaled wind turbine with pitch, torque and yaw actuation E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1263-2022
- Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Aerodynamic Loads in FAST.Farm Under Controlled Wake Conditions A. Fontanella et al. 10.1002/we.70026
- Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control E. Nanos et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1641-2022
- Comprehensive Review on Renewable Energy Sources in Egypt—Current Status, Grid Codes and Future Vision H. Abubakr et al. 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140385
- Validation of induction/steering reserve-boosting active power control by a wind tunnel experiment with dynamic wind direction changes S. Tamaro et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092067
- Further improvements to the double-Gaussian wake model C. Zengler et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2767/9/092066
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022019
- Laboratory investigation of the near and intermediate wake of a wind turbine at very high Reynolds numbers A. Piqué et al. 10.1007/s00348-022-03455-0
- Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges J. Meyers et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022
- Wind tunnel investigation of the aerodynamic response of two 15 MW floating wind turbines A. Fontanella et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1711-2022
- Design and Implementation of an Experimental Test Bench for the Study of Active Flow Control in Scale Wind Turbines J. Franco & G. Salinas-Anaya 10.1115/1.4067504
- Validation of a Large-Eddy Simulation Approach for Prediction of the Ground Roughness Influence on Wind Turbine Wakes V. Stein & H. Kaltenbach 10.3390/en15072579
- On the power and control of a misaligned rotor – beyond the cosine law S. Tamaro et al. 10.5194/wes-9-1547-2024
Latest update: 28 Aug 2025
Short summary
This paper quantifies the fidelity of the wakes generated by a small (1 m diameter) scaled wind turbine model operated in a large boundary layer wind tunnel. A detailed scaling analysis accompanied by large-eddy simulations shows that these wakes are very realistic scaled versions of the ones generated by the parent full-scale wind turbine in the field.
This paper quantifies the fidelity of the wakes generated by a small (1 m diameter) scaled wind...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint