Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-453-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-453-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Aerodynamic model comparison for an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine
Wind Energy Section, Flow Physics and Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, the Netherlands
Laurence Morgan
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XW, United Kingdom
Yan Wu
Wind Energy Section, Flow Physics and Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, the Netherlands
David Bretos
Wind Energy Department, Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables (CENER), Ciudad de la Innovación, no. 7, 31621 Sarriguren (Navarra), Spain
Aurelio Cascales
Wind Energy Department, Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables (CENER), Ciudad de la Innovación, no. 7, 31621 Sarriguren (Navarra), Spain
Oscar Pires
Wind Energy Department, Centro Nacional de Energías Renovables (CENER), Ciudad de la Innovación, no. 7, 31621 Sarriguren (Navarra), Spain
Carlos Ferreira
Wind Energy Section, Flow Physics and Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, the Netherlands
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Numerical study on wake recovery of vertical-axis wind turbines through fixed blade pitch offsets: H vs X rotors A. Ajay & C. Ferreira https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072010
- Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model A. Giri Ajay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025
- Advanced direct power control strategies for grid-connected DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review N. Salym et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111178
- A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques and Methodologies in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Development A. Fazlizan et al. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.067854
- O uso do software Qblade na energia eólica: uma revisão bibliográfica C. Andrade et al. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i10.4367
- A numerical investigation of wake recovery for an H- and X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine with wake control strategies A. Giri Ajay & C. Simao Ferreira https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244810
- Effect of blade inclination angle for straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbines L. Morgan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-381-2025
- Evaluating roof-mounted VAWT performance with CFD for various building shapes, boundary layer flows, and location scenarios F. Rezaei & M. Paraschivoiu https://doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2024-0124
- Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Emerging Energy Applications (1979–2025): Global Trends and Technological Gaps Revealed by a Bibliometric Analysis and Review B. Salvador-Gutierrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143810
- On the wake re-energization of the X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine via the vortex-generator strategy D. Bensason et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025
- Aerodynamic characterization of stalled Darrieus turbine via experiment and low–order modelling N. Aryan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/9/092012
- The review of Vortex lattice method for offshore wind turbines W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121450
- So sánh thực nghiệm đặc tính khởi động và khả năng phát điện của các turbine gió trục đứng trong điều kiện gió thấp T. Nguyễn et al. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctujos.2026.091
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Numerical study on wake recovery of vertical-axis wind turbines through fixed blade pitch offsets: H vs X rotors A. Ajay & C. Ferreira https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072010
- Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model A. Giri Ajay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025
- Advanced direct power control strategies for grid-connected DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review N. Salym et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111178
- A Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques and Methodologies in Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Development A. Fazlizan et al. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.067854
- O uso do software Qblade na energia eólica: uma revisão bibliográfica C. Andrade et al. https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v15i10.4367
- A numerical investigation of wake recovery for an H- and X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine with wake control strategies A. Giri Ajay & C. Simao Ferreira https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244810
- Effect of blade inclination angle for straight-bladed vertical-axis wind turbines L. Morgan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-381-2025
- Evaluating roof-mounted VAWT performance with CFD for various building shapes, boundary layer flows, and location scenarios F. Rezaei & M. Paraschivoiu https://doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2024-0124
- Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Emerging Energy Applications (1979–2025): Global Trends and Technological Gaps Revealed by a Bibliometric Analysis and Review B. Salvador-Gutierrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143810
- On the wake re-energization of the X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine via the vortex-generator strategy D. Bensason et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2137-2025
- Aerodynamic characterization of stalled Darrieus turbine via experiment and low–order modelling N. Aryan et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/9/092012
- The review of Vortex lattice method for offshore wind turbines W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2024.121450
- So sánh thực nghiệm đặc tính khởi động và khả năng phát điện của các turbine gió trục đứng trong điều kiện gió thấp T. Nguyễn et al. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctujos.2026.091
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 29 Jul 2026
Short summary
This paper compares six different numerical models to predict the performance of an X-shaped vertical-axis wind turbine, offering insights into how it works in 3D when its blades are fixed at specific angles. The results showed the 3D models here reliably predict the performance while still taking this turbine's complex aerodynamics into account compared to 2D models. Further, these blade angles caused more complexity in predicting the turbine's behaviour, which is highlighted in this paper.
This paper compares six different numerical models to predict the performance of an X-shaped...
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