Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-471-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-471-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 9, issue 2
Research article
 | 
01 Mar 2024
Research article |  | 01 Mar 2024

Multi-objective calibration of vertical-axis wind turbine controllers: balancing aero-servo-elastic performance and noise

Livia Brandetti, Sebastiaan Paul Mulders, Roberto Merino-Martinez, Simon Watson, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden

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Latest update: 06 Nov 2025
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Short summary
This research presents a multi-objective optimisation approach to balance vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) performance and noise, comparing the combined wind speed estimator and tip-speed ratio (WSE–TSR) tracking controller with a baseline. Psychoacoustic annoyance is used as a novel metric for human perception of wind turbine noise. Results showcase the WSE–TSR tracking controller’s potential in trading off the considered objectives, thereby fostering the deployment of VAWTs in urban areas.
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