Articles | Volume 9, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-963-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-963-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Apr 2024
Research article |
| 18 Apr 2024
| 18 Apr 2024
Evaluation of wind farm parameterizations in the WRF model under different atmospheric stability conditions with high-resolution wake simulations
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Andrea N. Hahmann
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Jake Badger
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Alfredo Peña
Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Viewed
Total article views: 4,457 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Nov 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,071 | 1,283 | 103 | 4,457 | 147 | 165 |
- HTML: 3,071
- PDF: 1,283
- XML: 103
- Total: 4,457
- BibTeX: 147
- EndNote: 165
Total article views: 3,696 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 18 Apr 2024)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,690 | 923 | 83 | 3,696 | 123 | 146 |
- HTML: 2,690
- PDF: 923
- XML: 83
- Total: 3,696
- BibTeX: 123
- EndNote: 146
Total article views: 761 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Nov 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 381 | 360 | 20 | 761 | 24 | 19 |
- HTML: 381
- PDF: 360
- XML: 20
- Total: 761
- BibTeX: 24
- EndNote: 19
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,457 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,318 with geography defined
and 139 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,696 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,584 with geography defined
and 112 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 761 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 734 with geography defined
and 27 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Precipitation response to wind farms represented in WRF over the Southern Bight of the North Sea T. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022033
- Evaluation of wind farm parameterizations in the WRF model under different atmospheric stability conditions with high-resolution wake simulations O. García-Santiago et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-963-2024
- Exploring the impact of surface waves on wakes using LES in the WRF model O. García-Santiago & A. Peña https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012037
- Mountain wave and downslope winds impact on wind power production K. Solbakken et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026
- A Large Eddy Simulation-Based Power Forecast Approach for Offshore Wind Farms Y. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246386
- Differences in cluster and internal wake effects from mesoscale and large-eddy simulations off the US East Coast M. Sanchez-Gomez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2009-2026
- Impact of mountainous terrain on wind farm wake characteristics in the Loess Plateau S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.141853
- Assessment of Numerical Forecasts for Hub-Height Wind Resource Parameters during an Episode of Significant Wind Speed Fluctuations J. Mo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091112
- Wind Power Prediction Method Based on Physics-Guided Fusion and Distribution Constraints W. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246479
- Simulation of a weather-driven turbine wake in WRF-LES: a comparison with 3D lidar measurements A. Peña & N. Angelou https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032074
- Impacts on Wind Farm Wakes of the Axial Induction Correction to the Fitch WFP A. Adcroft et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032098
- Analytical equation for the TKE coefficient in mesoscale wind farm parameterizations B. Sengers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032015
- A North Sea in situ evaluation of the Fitch wind farm parameterization within the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino and 3D planetary boundary layer schemes N. Agarwal et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2369-2026
- Energy production and inter-farm wake losses in future North Sea wind farms R. Borgers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add8a2
- A Meso-Microscale Coupled Wind Farm Parameterization B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-025-00928-7
- Uncertainty in North Sea offshore wind power: contributions of reanalysis forcing, turbine type, and wake parameterization A. Elizalde et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026
- Gaussian-based multicolumn spatial distribution method for wind farm parameterizations B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/5lsj-m746
- A simple steady-state inflow model of the neutral and stable atmospheric boundary layer applied to wind turbine wake simulations M. van der Laan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1985-2024
- Evaluating local wind circulation metrics for radionuclide transport and dispersion: A practical approach for radiological safety M. Hernández-Ceballos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2026.106261
- Simulated meteorological impacts of offshore wind turbines and sensitivity to the amount of added turbulence kinetic energy D. Quint et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1269-2025
- Autonomous hybrid power plants based on renewable energy sources for off-grid rural electrification A. Bobyl et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-024-00334-8
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Precipitation response to wind farms represented in WRF over the Southern Bight of the North Sea T. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/2/022033
- Evaluation of wind farm parameterizations in the WRF model under different atmospheric stability conditions with high-resolution wake simulations O. García-Santiago et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-963-2024
- Exploring the impact of surface waves on wakes using LES in the WRF model O. García-Santiago & A. Peña https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3016/1/012037
- Mountain wave and downslope winds impact on wind power production K. Solbakken et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-155-2026
- A Large Eddy Simulation-Based Power Forecast Approach for Offshore Wind Farms Y. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246386
- Differences in cluster and internal wake effects from mesoscale and large-eddy simulations off the US East Coast M. Sanchez-Gomez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2009-2026
- Impact of mountainous terrain on wind farm wake characteristics in the Loess Plateau S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.141853
- Assessment of Numerical Forecasts for Hub-Height Wind Resource Parameters during an Episode of Significant Wind Speed Fluctuations J. Mo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091112
- Wind Power Prediction Method Based on Physics-Guided Fusion and Distribution Constraints W. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246479
- Simulation of a weather-driven turbine wake in WRF-LES: a comparison with 3D lidar measurements A. Peña & N. Angelou https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032074
- Impacts on Wind Farm Wakes of the Axial Induction Correction to the Fitch WFP A. Adcroft et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032098
- Analytical equation for the TKE coefficient in mesoscale wind farm parameterizations B. Sengers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032015
- A North Sea in situ evaluation of the Fitch wind farm parameterization within the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino and 3D planetary boundary layer schemes N. Agarwal et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2369-2026
- Energy production and inter-farm wake losses in future North Sea wind farms R. Borgers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add8a2
- A Meso-Microscale Coupled Wind Farm Parameterization B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-025-00928-7
- Uncertainty in North Sea offshore wind power: contributions of reanalysis forcing, turbine type, and wake parameterization A. Elizalde et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1077-2026
- Gaussian-based multicolumn spatial distribution method for wind farm parameterizations B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1103/5lsj-m746
- A simple steady-state inflow model of the neutral and stable atmospheric boundary layer applied to wind turbine wake simulations M. van der Laan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1985-2024
- Evaluating local wind circulation metrics for radionuclide transport and dispersion: A practical approach for radiological safety M. Hernández-Ceballos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2026.106261
- Simulated meteorological impacts of offshore wind turbines and sensitivity to the amount of added turbulence kinetic energy D. Quint et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1269-2025
- Autonomous hybrid power plants based on renewable energy sources for off-grid rural electrification A. Bobyl et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-024-00334-8
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jul 2026
Short summary
This study compares the results of two wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, simulating a two-turbine array under three atmospheric stabilities with large-eddy simulations. We show that the WFPs accurately depict wind speeds either near turbines or in the far-wake areas, but not both. The parameterizations’ performance varies by variable (wind speed or turbulent kinetic energy) and atmospheric stability, with reduced accuracy in stable conditions.
This study compares the results of two wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) in the Weather...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint