Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 1
Commentaries and perspectives
 | 
02 Jan 2025
Commentaries and perspectives |  | 02 Jan 2025

Functional specifications and testing requirements for grid-forming offshore wind power plants

Sulav Ghimire, Gabriel Miguel Gomes Guerreiro, Kanakesh Vatta Kkuni, Emerson David Guest, Kim Høj Jensen, Guangya Yang, and Xiongfei Wang

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Short summary
This paper reviews the technical behaviour defined for a specific control method, grid-forming control, used in inverter-integrated power generation sources such as wind power plants, solar power plants, and battery energy storage systems. Considering the growing trend of offshore wind power plants, the paper adapts the behaviours into offshore wind power applications; re-classifies them into mandatory, optional, and advanced categories; and provides testing methods to assess these behaviours.
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