Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 6
Articles | Volume 10, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1101-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1101-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 6
Research article
 | 
12 Jun 2025
Research article |  | 12 Jun 2025

Swell impacts on an offshore wind farm in stable boundary layer: wake flow and energy budget analysis

Xu Ning and Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi

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Short summary
Waves interact with the overlying wind field by modifying the stresses at the atmosphere–ocean interface. We develop and employ a parameterization method of wave-induced stresses in the numerical simulation of an offshore wind farm in a stable atmospheric boundary layer. This work demonstrates how swells change the kinetic energy transport and induce wind veer and wake deflection, leading to significant variations in the power output of wind turbines at different positions of the wind farm.
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