Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis

Eftekhari Milani, Ali; Zappalá, Donatella; Castellani, Francesco; Watson, Simon

doi:10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025

Articles | Volume 10, issue 11

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2563-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 10, issue 11

Research article

|

12 Nov 2025

Research article |

| 12 Nov 2025

Simulating run-to-failure SCADA time series to enhance wind turbine fault detection and prognosis

Ali Eftekhari Milani, Donatella Zappalá, Francesco Castellani, and Simon Watson

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Final revised paper (published on 12 Nov 2025)
Preprint (discussion started on 13 Jun 2025)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

RC1: 'Comment on wes-2025-62', Anonymous Referee #1, 10 Jul 2025

The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-62/wes-2025-62-RC1-supplement.pdf

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-62-RC1
RC2: 'Comment on wes-2025-62', Anonymous Referee #2, 23 Jul 2025

The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-62/wes-2025-62-RC2-supplement.pdf

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-62-RC2
AC1: 'Response to Comments from the Associate Editor and Reviewers', Ali Eftekhari Milani, 01 Aug 2025

The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://wes.copernicus.org/preprints/wes-2025-62/wes-2025-62-AC1-supplement.zip

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2025-62-AC1

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload

AR by Ali Eftekhari Milani on behalf of the Authors (04 Aug 2025) Author's response Author's tracked changes Manuscript

ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (26 Aug 2025) by Nikolay Dimitrov

RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (02 Sep 2025)

RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (07 Sep 2025)

ED: Publish as is (15 Sep 2025) by Nikolay Dimitrov

ED: Publish as is (30 Sep 2025) by Athanasios Kolios (Chief editor)

AR by Ali Eftekhari Milani on behalf of the Authors (01 Oct 2025)

Short summary

This paper proposes a data-driven approach to simulate wind turbine sensor time series, such as temperature and pressure signals, describing the behaviour of a wind turbine component as it degrades through time up to the failure point. It allows for the simulation of new failure events or the replication of a given failure under different conditions. The results show that the synthetic signals generated using this approach improve the performance of fault detection and prognosis methods.