Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-435-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-435-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
Research article
 | 
20 Feb 2025
Research article |  | 20 Feb 2025

Turbine- and farm-scale power losses in wind farms: an alternative to wake and farm blockage losses

Andrew Kirby, Takafumi Nishino, Luca Lanzilao, Thomas D. Dunstan, and Johan Meyers

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Short summary
Traditionally, the aerodynamic loss of wind farm efficiency is classified into wake loss and farm blockage loss. This study, using high-fidelity simulations, shows that neither of these two losses is well correlated with the overall farm efficiency. We propose new measures called turbine-scale efficiency and farm-scale efficiency to better describe turbine–wake effects and farm–atmosphere interactions. This study suggests the importance of better modelling farm-scale loss in future studies.
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