Articles | Volume 10, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-733-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-733-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Apr 2025
Research article |
| 22 Apr 2025
| 22 Apr 2025
Tall wind profile validation of ERA5, NORA3, and NEWA datasets using lidar observations
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bergen Offshore Wind Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Jan Markus Diezel
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bergen Offshore Wind Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Hilde Haakenstad
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Bergen, Norway.
Øyvind Breivik
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Bergen, Norway.
Alfredo Peña
DTU Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
Joachim Reuder
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bergen Offshore Wind Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Fully Automated Wind Site Assessment in Complex Terrain Using Satellite Data and Global Circulation Models A. Horvath et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091403
- Identification and verification of worst-case radiological transport scenarios for Ireland: A simulation-based approach to nuclear emergency preparedness (2011–2024) M. Sturrock et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181817
- NORA3 Dataset Comparison with Observed Onshore Wind Measurements in the Eastern Baltic Sea Region V. Komasilovs et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051144
- Performance Evaluation of a Wind Turbine at High Altitudes Using an Aerostat-Based Stabilized Platform C. Isilak & İ. Üncü https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1749574
- A Model Downscaling Study of Wind Park Exposure to Extreme Weather: The Case of Storm “Ylva” in Arctic Norway I. Esau et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/wind6010006
- Validation of Sentinel-1 SAR Wind Products with Measurements from Buoys and Lidars C. Hasager et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18132112
- Characterization and bias correction of low-level jets at FINO1 using lidar observations and reanalysis data H. Bui et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2307-2026
- Impact of inflow conditions and turbine placement on the performance of offshore wind turbines exceeding 7 MW K. Vratsinis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1803-2026
- Frequency-Domain clustering of Non-Attainment cities of India using CEEMDAN decomposition of aerosols and Coupled meteorological drivers D. Dutta https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105171
- Enhancing probabilistic wind speed forecasting by integrating self-adaptive Bayesian wavelet denoising with deep Gaussian process regression under uncertainties H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123966
- Perturbations of Aerosol Radiative Forcing on the Planetary Boundary Layer Thermal Dynamics in a Central China Megacity Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167217
- Integrated Wind Energy Potential Assessment Based on Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Hainan Island and Its Climate Linkage C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18071089
- Modifications to a mesoscale wind farm parameterization enhance high-altitude wind farm simulations under real-world atmospheric conditions R. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.125040
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Fully Automated Wind Site Assessment in Complex Terrain Using Satellite Data and Global Circulation Models A. Horvath et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091403
- Identification and verification of worst-case radiological transport scenarios for Ireland: A simulation-based approach to nuclear emergency preparedness (2011–2024) M. Sturrock et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181817
- NORA3 Dataset Comparison with Observed Onshore Wind Measurements in the Eastern Baltic Sea Region V. Komasilovs et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19051144
- Performance Evaluation of a Wind Turbine at High Altitudes Using an Aerostat-Based Stabilized Platform C. Isilak & İ. Üncü https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1749574
- A Model Downscaling Study of Wind Park Exposure to Extreme Weather: The Case of Storm “Ylva” in Arctic Norway I. Esau et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/wind6010006
- Validation of Sentinel-1 SAR Wind Products with Measurements from Buoys and Lidars C. Hasager et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18132112
- Characterization and bias correction of low-level jets at FINO1 using lidar observations and reanalysis data H. Bui et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2307-2026
- Impact of inflow conditions and turbine placement on the performance of offshore wind turbines exceeding 7 MW K. Vratsinis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1803-2026
- Frequency-Domain clustering of Non-Attainment cities of India using CEEMDAN decomposition of aerosols and Coupled meteorological drivers D. Dutta https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105171
- Enhancing probabilistic wind speed forecasting by integrating self-adaptive Bayesian wavelet denoising with deep Gaussian process regression under uncertainties H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.123966
- Perturbations of Aerosol Radiative Forcing on the Planetary Boundary Layer Thermal Dynamics in a Central China Megacity Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167217
- Integrated Wind Energy Potential Assessment Based on Multi-Satellite Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Hainan Island and Its Climate Linkage C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18071089
- Modifications to a mesoscale wind farm parameterization enhance high-altitude wind farm simulations under real-world atmospheric conditions R. Chang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.125040
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 08 Jul 2026
Short summary
This study analyses wind speed data at heights up to 500 m to support the design of future large offshore wind turbines and airborne wind energy systems. We compared three wind models (ERA5, NORA3, and NEWA) with lidar measurements at five sites using four performance metrics. ERA5 and NORA3 performed equally well offshore, with NORA3 typically outperforming the other two models onshore. More generally, the optimal choice of model depends on site, altitude, and evaluation criteria.
This study analyses wind speed data at heights up to 500 m to support the design of future large...
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