Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1251-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1251-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
Research article
 | 
17 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 17 Apr 2026

Biases in preconstruction estimates of wind plant annual energy production

Rob Hammond and Eric Simley

Viewed

Total article views: 1,041 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
727 267 47 1,041 45 61
  • HTML: 727
  • PDF: 267
  • XML: 47
  • Total: 1,041
  • BibTeX: 45
  • EndNote: 61
Views and downloads (calculated since 08 Sep 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 08 Sep 2025)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 1,041 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 1,021 with geography defined and 20 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 17 Apr 2026
Download
Short summary
Estimating the energy production of a wind plant before construction is a historically difficult task. We build on prior research comparing the actual energy production of wind plants and their estimated energy production using owner-provided energy data. Similar to prior studies, we found an increasing bias of overestimating annual energy production. In general, estimates before construction are not conservative enough, suggesting room for improvements in the energy yield assessment process.
Read more
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint