Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1287-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1287-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 4
Research article
 | 
17 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 17 Apr 2026

Optimal flight pattern debate for airborne wind energy systems: circular or figure of eight?

Dylan Eijkelhof, Nicola Rossi, and Roland Schmehl

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Short summary

This study compares circular and figure-of-eight flight patterns for airborne wind energy systems, evaluating power output, stability, and system lifespan. Findings indicate that circular paths maximise energy generation in confined spaces, while figure-of-eight trajectories, particularly those ascending through the centre, provide smoother, more consistent power and extend kite longevity. These insights contribute to the improved design and performance of kite energy systems.

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