Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
Research article
 | 
19 May 2026
Research article |  | 19 May 2026

Optimal control of crosswind kite systems with an engineering wake model based on vortex loops and dipoles

Jochem De Schutter, Antonia Mühleck, Rachel Leuthold, and Moritz Diehl

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on wes-2025-275', Anonymous Referee #1, 07 Feb 2026
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jochem De Schutter, 11 Apr 2026
  • RC2: 'Comment on wes-2025-275', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Feb 2026
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jochem De Schutter, 11 Apr 2026

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Jochem De Schutter on behalf of the Authors (11 Apr 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (14 Apr 2026) by Roland Schmehl
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (21 Apr 2026)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (28 Apr 2026)
ED: Publish as is (28 Apr 2026) by Roland Schmehl
ED: Publish as is (29 Apr 2026) by Paul Veers (Chief editor)
AR by Jochem De Schutter on behalf of the Authors (30 Apr 2026)
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Short summary
The performance of high-performance crosswind kite systems is strongly affected by the complex wake structures they generate. We develop an unsteady, vortex-based wake model that can be efficiently integrated into optimal control frameworks for flight trajectory optimization. The model is shown to provide good agreement with higher-fidelity simulations while incurring only moderate additional computational cost, enabling more reliable performance prediction.
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