Wind Energy Science
Wind Energy Science
WES
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-1751-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
Research article
 | 
19 May 2026
Research article |  | 19 May 2026

Optimal control of crosswind kite systems with an engineering wake model based on vortex loops and dipoles

Jochem De Schutter, Antonia Mühleck, Rachel Leuthold, and Moritz Diehl

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Latest update: 22 Jul 2026
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Short summary
The performance of high-performance crosswind kite systems is strongly affected by the complex wake structures they generate. We develop an unsteady, vortex-based wake model that can be efficiently integrated into optimal control frameworks for flight trajectory optimization. The model is shown to provide good agreement with higher-fidelity simulations while incurring only moderate additional computational cost, enabling more reliable performance prediction.
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