Articles | Volume 11, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2229-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-11-2229-2026
Research article
 | 
22 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 22 Jun 2026

Graph neural operator for wind farm wake flow

Jens Peter Schøler, Frederik Peder Weilmann Rasmussen, Julian Quick, and Pierre-Elouan Réthoré

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Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse

Peer review completion

AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Jens Peter Schøler on behalf of the Authors (04 Feb 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (06 Feb 2026) by Xiaolei Yang
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (13 Feb 2026)
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (16 Mar 2026)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (17 Mar 2026) by Xiaolei Yang
AR by Jens Peter Schøler on behalf of the Authors (25 Mar 2026)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (27 Mar 2026) by Xiaolei Yang
ED: Publish as is (01 Apr 2026) by Sandrine Aubrun (Chief editor)
AR by Jens Peter Schøler on behalf of the Authors (03 Apr 2026)
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Short summary
We propose a machine learning model that represents wind turbines as nodes in a graph, learning how they interact to predict the wind speed at any location on a farm. Trained on thousands of simulated farms, it captures complex wake interactions across varying layouts and sizes at low computational cost, supporting faster neighboring farm wake assessment.
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