Articles | Volume 3, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-819-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-819-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Analysis of control-oriented wake modeling tools using lidar field results
Jennifer Annoni
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Paul Fleming
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Andrew Scholbrock
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Jason Roadman
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Scott Dana
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Christiane Adcock
National Wind Technology Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
Fernando Porte-Agel
Ecole Polytechnique Federale de
Lausanne (EPFL), Wind Engineering and Renewable Energy Laboratory (WIRE),
EPFL-ENAC-IIE-WIRE, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Steffen Raach
Stuttgart Wind
Energy (SWE), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart,
Germany
Florian Haizmann
Stuttgart Wind
Energy (SWE), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart,
Germany
David Schlipf
Stuttgart Wind
Energy (SWE), University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5B, 70569 Stuttgart,
Germany
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Cited
86 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Integer programming for optimal yaw control of wind farms F. Bestehorn et al.
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- Real-time optimization of wind farms using modifier adaptation and machine learning L. Andersson & L. Imsland
- Design and analysis of a wake model for spatially heterogeneous flow A. Farrell et al.
- Comparative Analysis of Wind Farm Simulators for Wind Farm Control M. Kim et al.
- Data–Driven Wake Steering Control for a Simulated Wind Farm Model S. Simani et al.
- Wind farm active wake control via concurrent yaw and tip-speed ratio optimization A. Hosseini et al.
- Optimizing wind farm control through wake steering using surrogate models based on high-fidelity simulations P. Hulsman et al.
- WindGym: A Reinforcement Learning Environment for Wind Farm Control M. Nilsen et al.
- Wind farm yaw control set-point optimization under model parameter uncertainty M. Howland
- Observability of the ambient conditions in model‐based estimation for wind farm control: A focus on static models B. Doekemeijer & J. van Wingerden
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al.
- The curled wake model: a three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows L. Martínez-Tossas et al.
- Wind Farm Loads under Wake Redirection Control S. Kanev et al.
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al.
- Multifidelity multiobjective optimization for wake-steering strategies J. Quick et al.
- Assessment of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potential in the Eastern Baltic Sea Region: LCOE and Wind Turbine Layout Optimisation S. Orlova et al.
- An adaptation of the super-Gaussian wake model for yawed wind turbines F. Blondel et al.
- Control-oriented model for secondary effects of wake steering J. King et al.
- Characterization of wind turbine flow through nacelle-mounted lidars: a review S. Letizia et al.
- Wind farm set point optimization with surrogate models for load and power output targets N. Dimitrov & A. Natarajan
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al.
- Risk-informed integrated design optimization for offshore wind farm electrical systems M. Liu et al.
- Decentralised optimisation for large offshore wind farms using a sparsified wake directed graph T. Shu et al.
- Control-oriented modelling of wind direction variability S. Dallas et al.
- Using The Helix Mixing Approach On Floating Offshore Wind Turbines D. Berg et al.
- Lidar measurements of yawed-wind-turbine wakes: characterization and validation of analytical models P. Brugger et al.
- A physics-inspired neural network model for short-term wind power prediction considering wake effects N. Guo et al.
- Stochastic Model Predictive Control With Gaussian Wind Direction Preview for Wake Steering A. Henry et al.
- Advancements in Wind Farm Control: Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization Through Yaw-Based Wake Steering T. Lucas Frutuoso et al.
- A physically interpretable data-driven surrogate model for wake steering B. Sengers et al.
- A multi-fidelity framework for power prediction of wind farm under yaw misalignment Y. Tu et al.
- A Comparative Study of Multi-Stage Approaches for Wind Farm Layout Optimization P. Yang & H. Najafi
- A Machine Learning Method for Modeling Wind Farm Fatigue Load Y. Miao et al.
- Artificial intelligence-aided wind plant optimization for nationwide evaluation of land use and economic benefits of wake steering D. Harrison-Atlas et al.
- Wind-farm power prediction using a turbulence-optimized Gaussian wake model N. Zehtabiyan-Rezaie et al.
- Periodic dynamic induction control of wind farms: proving the potential in simulations and wind tunnel experiments J. Frederik et al.
- Analytical three‐dimensional wind flow model for real‐time wind farm simulation V. Kipke et al.
- The aerodynamics of the curled wake: a simplified model in view of flow control L. Martínez-Tossas et al.
- From sparse sensing to physics-consistent reconstruction of unsteady wind turbine wakes towards control-oriented modeling Z. Luo et al.
- A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Design in Deep Water Seas V. Barnabei et al.
- Clustering sparse sensor placement identification and deep learning based forecasting for wind turbine wakes N. Ali et al.
- Joint optimization of wind farm layout considering optimal control K. Chen et al.
- Operation assessment of analytical wind turbine wake models A. Lopes et al.
- Review of atmospheric stability estimations for wind power applications C. Pérez Albornoz et al.
- Aerodynamic characterization of two tandem wind turbines under yaw misalignment control using actuator line model Y. Tu et al.
- Optimal closed-loop wake steering – Part 1: Conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layer conditions M. Howland et al.
- Opportunities for green hydrogen production with land-based wind in the United States C. Clark et al.
- Enhancing wind farm power output via DRL-based collaborative pitch control of tandem turbines L. Wang et al.
- A low-computational physics-guided deep learning model for wind farm flow control under time-varying wind conditions S. He et al.
- Wind Farm Power Maximisation via Wake Steering: A Gaussian Process‐Based Yaw‐Dependent Parameter Tuning Approach F. Gori et al.
- A data-driven analytical model for wind turbine wakes using machine learning method G. Nai-Zhi et al.
- Assessing the blockage effect of wind turbines and wind farms using an analytical vortex model E. Branlard & A. Meyer Forsting
- Wind farm blockage effects: comparison of different engineering models E. Branlard et al.
- The helix approach: Using dynamic individual pitch control to enhance wake mixing in wind farms J. Frederik et al.
- Investigating Suppression of Cloud Return with a Novel Optical Configuration of a Doppler Lidar L. Jin et al.
- Multivariate modeling on wake-affected wind farms by two-stage hybrid graph neural network G. Hou et al.
- Design and analysis of a wake steering controller with wind direction variability E. Simley et al.
- Modeling and Investigation of the Effect of a Wind Turbine on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer V. Kovalnogov et al.
- Non-centralised coordinated optimisation for maximising offshore wind farm power via a sparse communication architecture T. Shu et al.
- Wake redirection for active power control: a realistic case study M. Kretschmer et al.
- Local turbulence parameterization improves the Jensen wake model and its implementation for power optimization of an operating wind farm T. Duc et al.
- The area localized coupled model for analytical mean flow prediction in arbitrary wind farm geometries G. Starke et al.
- A new method for simulating multiple wind turbine wakes under yawed conditions D. Wei et al.
- Stochastic gradient descent for wind farm optimization J. Quick et al.
- Learning to optimise wind farms with graph transformers S. Li et al.
- A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions S. Tamaro et al.
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al.
- Analytical all-induction state model for wind turbine wakes N. Bempedelis & K. Steiros
- Characterizing Wake Behavior of Adaptive Aerodynamic Structures Using Reduced-Order Models K. Sadeghilari et al.
- Modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer under stability stratification for wind turbine wake production M. Ichenial et al.
- Can wind turbine farms increase settlement of particulate matters during dust events? M. Mataji et al.
- Coordinated wind power plant and battery control for active power services M. Sinner et al.
- Optimizing yaw angles for improved power generation in offshore wind farms: A statistical approach I. Formoso
- Modelling and assessing the near-wake representation and turbulence behaviour of control-oriented wake models P. Hulsman et al.
- Wake impact of constructing a new offshore wind farm zone on an existing downwind cluster: a case study of the Belgian Princess Elisabeth zone using FLORIS W. Munters et al.
- Turbulence and Control of Wind Farms C. Shapiro et al.
- Beyond a single solution: Multimodal wind farm layout optimization via cluster annealing elite search Y. Chen et al.
- Data-driven multi-objective predictive control of offshore wind farm based on evolutionary optimization X. Yin et al.
- End-to-end wind turbine wake modelling with deep graph representation learning S. Li et al.
- Numerical study and analytical modeling of yaw error effects on wind farm power performance D. Wei et al.
- Minimizing Levelized Cost of Energy and visual impact in Mediterranean offshore wind farms: A multi-objective optimization approach V. Barnabei et al.
- The Effect of Using Different Wake Models on Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Comparative Study P. Yang & H. Najafi
- Initial results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 1 P. Fleming et al.
- Wake steering optimization under uncertainty J. Quick et al.
- Wind Farm Design with 15 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Typhoon Regions K. Ma et al.
86 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Integer programming for optimal yaw control of wind farms F. Bestehorn et al.
- Power increases using wind direction spatial filtering for wind farm control: Evaluation using FLORIS, modified for dynamic settings M. Sinner et al.
- Real-time optimization of wind farms using modifier adaptation and machine learning L. Andersson & L. Imsland
- Design and analysis of a wake model for spatially heterogeneous flow A. Farrell et al.
- Comparative Analysis of Wind Farm Simulators for Wind Farm Control M. Kim et al.
- Data–Driven Wake Steering Control for a Simulated Wind Farm Model S. Simani et al.
- Wind farm active wake control via concurrent yaw and tip-speed ratio optimization A. Hosseini et al.
- Optimizing wind farm control through wake steering using surrogate models based on high-fidelity simulations P. Hulsman et al.
- WindGym: A Reinforcement Learning Environment for Wind Farm Control M. Nilsen et al.
- Wind farm yaw control set-point optimization under model parameter uncertainty M. Howland
- Observability of the ambient conditions in model‐based estimation for wind farm control: A focus on static models B. Doekemeijer & J. van Wingerden
- Experimental results of wake steering using fixed angles P. Fleming et al.
- The curled wake model: a three-dimensional and extremely fast steady-state wake solver for wind plant flows L. Martínez-Tossas et al.
- Wind Farm Loads under Wake Redirection Control S. Kanev et al.
- Further calibration and validation of FLORIS with wind tunnel data F. Campagnolo et al.
- Multifidelity multiobjective optimization for wake-steering strategies J. Quick et al.
- Assessment of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potential in the Eastern Baltic Sea Region: LCOE and Wind Turbine Layout Optimisation S. Orlova et al.
- An adaptation of the super-Gaussian wake model for yawed wind turbines F. Blondel et al.
- Control-oriented model for secondary effects of wake steering J. King et al.
- Characterization of wind turbine flow through nacelle-mounted lidars: a review S. Letizia et al.
- Wind farm set point optimization with surrogate models for load and power output targets N. Dimitrov & A. Natarajan
- A review of physical and numerical modeling techniques for horizontal-axis wind turbine wakes M. Amiri et al.
- Risk-informed integrated design optimization for offshore wind farm electrical systems M. Liu et al.
- Decentralised optimisation for large offshore wind farms using a sparsified wake directed graph T. Shu et al.
- Control-oriented modelling of wind direction variability S. Dallas et al.
- Using The Helix Mixing Approach On Floating Offshore Wind Turbines D. Berg et al.
- Lidar measurements of yawed-wind-turbine wakes: characterization and validation of analytical models P. Brugger et al.
- A physics-inspired neural network model for short-term wind power prediction considering wake effects N. Guo et al.
- Stochastic Model Predictive Control With Gaussian Wind Direction Preview for Wake Steering A. Henry et al.
- Advancements in Wind Farm Control: Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization Through Yaw-Based Wake Steering T. Lucas Frutuoso et al.
- A physically interpretable data-driven surrogate model for wake steering B. Sengers et al.
- A multi-fidelity framework for power prediction of wind farm under yaw misalignment Y. Tu et al.
- A Comparative Study of Multi-Stage Approaches for Wind Farm Layout Optimization P. Yang & H. Najafi
- A Machine Learning Method for Modeling Wind Farm Fatigue Load Y. Miao et al.
- Artificial intelligence-aided wind plant optimization for nationwide evaluation of land use and economic benefits of wake steering D. Harrison-Atlas et al.
- Wind-farm power prediction using a turbulence-optimized Gaussian wake model N. Zehtabiyan-Rezaie et al.
- Periodic dynamic induction control of wind farms: proving the potential in simulations and wind tunnel experiments J. Frederik et al.
- Analytical three‐dimensional wind flow model for real‐time wind farm simulation V. Kipke et al.
- The aerodynamics of the curled wake: a simplified model in view of flow control L. Martínez-Tossas et al.
- From sparse sensing to physics-consistent reconstruction of unsteady wind turbine wakes towards control-oriented modeling Z. Luo et al.
- A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Design in Deep Water Seas V. Barnabei et al.
- Clustering sparse sensor placement identification and deep learning based forecasting for wind turbine wakes N. Ali et al.
- Joint optimization of wind farm layout considering optimal control K. Chen et al.
- Operation assessment of analytical wind turbine wake models A. Lopes et al.
- Review of atmospheric stability estimations for wind power applications C. Pérez Albornoz et al.
- Aerodynamic characterization of two tandem wind turbines under yaw misalignment control using actuator line model Y. Tu et al.
- Optimal closed-loop wake steering – Part 1: Conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layer conditions M. Howland et al.
- Opportunities for green hydrogen production with land-based wind in the United States C. Clark et al.
- Enhancing wind farm power output via DRL-based collaborative pitch control of tandem turbines L. Wang et al.
- A low-computational physics-guided deep learning model for wind farm flow control under time-varying wind conditions S. He et al.
- Wind Farm Power Maximisation via Wake Steering: A Gaussian Process‐Based Yaw‐Dependent Parameter Tuning Approach F. Gori et al.
- A data-driven analytical model for wind turbine wakes using machine learning method G. Nai-Zhi et al.
- Assessing the blockage effect of wind turbines and wind farms using an analytical vortex model E. Branlard & A. Meyer Forsting
- Wind farm blockage effects: comparison of different engineering models E. Branlard et al.
- The helix approach: Using dynamic individual pitch control to enhance wake mixing in wind farms J. Frederik et al.
- Investigating Suppression of Cloud Return with a Novel Optical Configuration of a Doppler Lidar L. Jin et al.
- Multivariate modeling on wake-affected wind farms by two-stage hybrid graph neural network G. Hou et al.
- Design and analysis of a wake steering controller with wind direction variability E. Simley et al.
- Modeling and Investigation of the Effect of a Wind Turbine on the Atmospheric Boundary Layer V. Kovalnogov et al.
- Non-centralised coordinated optimisation for maximising offshore wind farm power via a sparse communication architecture T. Shu et al.
- Wake redirection for active power control: a realistic case study M. Kretschmer et al.
- Local turbulence parameterization improves the Jensen wake model and its implementation for power optimization of an operating wind farm T. Duc et al.
- The area localized coupled model for analytical mean flow prediction in arbitrary wind farm geometries G. Starke et al.
- A new method for simulating multiple wind turbine wakes under yawed conditions D. Wei et al.
- Stochastic gradient descent for wind farm optimization J. Quick et al.
- Learning to optimise wind farms with graph transformers S. Li et al.
- A robust active power control algorithm to maximize wind farm power tracking margins in waked conditions S. Tamaro et al.
- FarmConners wind farm flow control benchmark – Part 1: Blind test results T. Göçmen et al.
- Analytical all-induction state model for wind turbine wakes N. Bempedelis & K. Steiros
- Characterizing Wake Behavior of Adaptive Aerodynamic Structures Using Reduced-Order Models K. Sadeghilari et al.
- Modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer under stability stratification for wind turbine wake production M. Ichenial et al.
- Can wind turbine farms increase settlement of particulate matters during dust events? M. Mataji et al.
- Coordinated wind power plant and battery control for active power services M. Sinner et al.
- Optimizing yaw angles for improved power generation in offshore wind farms: A statistical approach I. Formoso
- Modelling and assessing the near-wake representation and turbulence behaviour of control-oriented wake models P. Hulsman et al.
- Wake impact of constructing a new offshore wind farm zone on an existing downwind cluster: a case study of the Belgian Princess Elisabeth zone using FLORIS W. Munters et al.
- Turbulence and Control of Wind Farms C. Shapiro et al.
- Beyond a single solution: Multimodal wind farm layout optimization via cluster annealing elite search Y. Chen et al.
- Data-driven multi-objective predictive control of offshore wind farm based on evolutionary optimization X. Yin et al.
- End-to-end wind turbine wake modelling with deep graph representation learning S. Li et al.
- Numerical study and analytical modeling of yaw error effects on wind farm power performance D. Wei et al.
- Minimizing Levelized Cost of Energy and visual impact in Mediterranean offshore wind farms: A multi-objective optimization approach V. Barnabei et al.
- The Effect of Using Different Wake Models on Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Comparative Study P. Yang & H. Najafi
- Initial results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 1 P. Fleming et al.
- Wake steering optimization under uncertainty J. Quick et al.
- Wind Farm Design with 15 MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbines in Typhoon Regions K. Ma et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 May 2026
Short summary
This paper addresses the modeling aspect of wind farm control. To implement successful wind farm controls, a suitable model has to be used that captures the relevant physics. This paper addresses three different wake models that can be used for controls and compares these models with lidar field data from a utility-scale turbine.
This paper addresses the modeling aspect of wind farm control. To implement successful wind farm...
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