Articles | Volume 5, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-699-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-699-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 11 Jun 2020
| 11 Jun 2020
Validation and accommodation of vortex wake codes for wind turbine design load calculations
Koen Boorsma
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
ECN part of TNO, Petten, the Netherlands
Florian Wenz
IAG, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
Koert Lindenburg
LM Wind Power, Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands
Mansoor Aman
DNV-GL, Bristol, UK
Menno Kloosterman
LM Wind Power, Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Going beyond BEM with BEM: an insight into dynamic inflow effects on floating wind turbines F. Papi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1069-2024
- Exploration of an analytical, linear two-dimensional actuator disc model as basis for a general rotor induction model H. Aa. Madsen https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/2/022043
- A multipurpose lifting-line flow solver for arbitrary wind energy concepts E. Branlard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-455-2022
- A comparison of dynamic inflow models for the blade element momentum method S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-193-2023
- Analyzing the impact of aeroelastic model fidelity on control co-design optimization of floating offshore wind turbines R. Behrens de Luna et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3045-2025
- Evaluating the use of half-precision floating-point in a free-vortex wake wind turbine aerodynamics solver W. Pinto https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/4/042022
- An insight into the capability of the actuator line method to resolve tip vortices P. Melani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-601-2024
- Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades A. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025
- Comparison of free vortex wake and blade element momentum results against large-eddy simulation results for highly flexible turbines under challenging inflow conditions K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-383-2023
- Challenges in Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling for Non-Uniform Inflow Conditions K. Boorsma et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/2/022006
- Experimental analysis of the dynamic inflow effect due to coherent gusts F. Berger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1827-2022
- Wind turbine wakes modeling and applications: Past, present, and future L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118508
- Characterization of the unsteady aerodynamic response of a floating offshore wind turbine to surge motion S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1713-2020
- Utilizing high fidelity data into engineering model calculations for accurate wind turbine performance and load assessments under design load cases G. Bangga et al. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12649
- Load response of a 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine under wind-wave conditions using a fully coupled free-wake vortex model Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125823
- An engineering modification to the blade element momentum method for floating wind turbines S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042017
- Quantifying the impact of modeling fidelity on different substructure concepts – Part 2: Code-to-code comparison in realistic environmental conditions F. Papi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-981-2024
- Benchmark Simulations of Rotor Aerodynamics on the IEA Wind 15MW RWT and Associated Modeling Challenges K. Boorsma et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/4/042046
- A computationally efficient engineering aerodynamic model for swept wind turbine blades A. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-129-2022
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Going beyond BEM with BEM: an insight into dynamic inflow effects on floating wind turbines F. Papi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-1069-2024
- Exploration of an analytical, linear two-dimensional actuator disc model as basis for a general rotor induction model H. Aa. Madsen https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/2/022043
- A multipurpose lifting-line flow solver for arbitrary wind energy concepts E. Branlard et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-455-2022
- A comparison of dynamic inflow models for the blade element momentum method S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-193-2023
- Analyzing the impact of aeroelastic model fidelity on control co-design optimization of floating offshore wind turbines R. Behrens de Luna et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-3045-2025
- Evaluating the use of half-precision floating-point in a free-vortex wake wind turbine aerodynamics solver W. Pinto https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/4/042022
- An insight into the capability of the actuator line method to resolve tip vortices P. Melani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-601-2024
- Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades A. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-2299-2025
- Comparison of free vortex wake and blade element momentum results against large-eddy simulation results for highly flexible turbines under challenging inflow conditions K. Shaler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-383-2023
- Challenges in Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling for Non-Uniform Inflow Conditions K. Boorsma et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/2/022006
- Experimental analysis of the dynamic inflow effect due to coherent gusts F. Berger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1827-2022
- Wind turbine wakes modeling and applications: Past, present, and future L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.118508
- Characterization of the unsteady aerodynamic response of a floating offshore wind turbine to surge motion S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-1713-2020
- Utilizing high fidelity data into engineering model calculations for accurate wind turbine performance and load assessments under design load cases G. Bangga et al. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12649
- Load response of a 15 MW floating offshore wind turbine under wind-wave conditions using a fully coupled free-wake vortex model Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.125823
- An engineering modification to the blade element momentum method for floating wind turbines S. Mancini et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042017
- Quantifying the impact of modeling fidelity on different substructure concepts – Part 2: Code-to-code comparison in realistic environmental conditions F. Papi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-981-2024
- Benchmark Simulations of Rotor Aerodynamics on the IEA Wind 15MW RWT and Associated Modeling Challenges K. Boorsma et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/4/042046
- A computationally efficient engineering aerodynamic model for swept wind turbine blades A. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-129-2022
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Jun 2026
Short summary
The present publication has contributed towards making vortex wake models ready for application to certification load calculations. The reduction in flapwise blade root moment fatigue loading using vortex wake models instead of the blade element momentum method has been verified using dedicated CFD simulations. A validation effort against a long-term field measurement campaign featuring 2.5 MW turbines has confirmed the improved prediction of unsteady load characteristics by vortex wake models.
The present publication has contributed towards making vortex wake models ready for application...
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