Articles | Volume 8, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects
Maarten J. van den Broek
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Delft Center for Systems and Control, TU Delft, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD Delft, the Netherlands
Delphine De Tavernier
Department of Flow Physics and Technology, Wind Energy, TU Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629HS Delft, the Netherlands
Paul Hulsman
ForWind – Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Küpkersweg 70, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
Daan van der Hoek
Delft Center for Systems and Control, TU Delft, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD Delft, the Netherlands
Benjamin Sanderse
Scientific Computing, CWI, P.O. Box 94079, 1090GB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Delft Center for Systems and Control, TU Delft, Mekelweg 2, 2628CD Delft, the Netherlands
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Validating an advanced actuator-disk model on CFD simulations of fixed and moving wind turbines S. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0321634
- Davidon-Herd-CapsSiam-ConvNet: A Novel Synergistic Model for Time-Series Wind Speed Forecasting P. Padhye et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126625504158
- Vibration of blades and towers in large offshore and floating wind turbines: Mechanisms, modelling credibility and mitigation pathways Z. Zuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2026.117246
- A hybrid-calibrated improved dynamic wake meandering model for wind farm wake simulation and active control analysis Y. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.126324
- LES-based validation of a dynamic wind farm flow model under unsteady inflow and yaw misalignment J. Bohrer et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032041
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
- Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model A. Giri Ajay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025
- Risk-averse wake steering optimization for energy and power maximization under uncertain wind direction changes M. Becker & J. Wingerden https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032124
- A dynamic open-source model to investigate wake dynamics in response to wind farm flow control strategies M. Becker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1055-2025
- Wake Mixing Control For Floating Wind Farms: Analysis of the Implementation of the Helix Wake Mixing Strategy on the IEA 15-MW Floating Wind Turbine D. van den Berg et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2024.3432341
- Can Free Vortex Wake Methods simulate rotor-wake interactions in tandem floating offshore wind turbines? S. Cioni et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/8/082002
- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Evaluation of the Geometric Configuration of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Applied to a Packing House W. Okita & D. Lourençoni https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09571-9
- Modelling of Wind Turbines as Porous Disks for Wind Farm Flow Studies M. Catania et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052049
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Validating an advanced actuator-disk model on CFD simulations of fixed and moving wind turbines S. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0321634
- Davidon-Herd-CapsSiam-ConvNet: A Novel Synergistic Model for Time-Series Wind Speed Forecasting P. Padhye et al. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126625504158
- Vibration of blades and towers in large offshore and floating wind turbines: Mechanisms, modelling credibility and mitigation pathways Z. Zuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2026.117246
- A hybrid-calibrated improved dynamic wake meandering model for wind farm wake simulation and active control analysis Y. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.126324
- LES-based validation of a dynamic wind farm flow model under unsteady inflow and yaw misalignment J. Bohrer et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/3/032041
- Free-vortex models for wind turbine wakes under yaw misalignment – a validation study on far-wake effects M. van den Broek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1909-2023
- Validation of the near wake of a scaled X-Rotor vertical-axis wind turbine predicted by a free-wake vortex model A. Giri Ajay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1829-2025
- Risk-averse wake steering optimization for energy and power maximization under uncertain wind direction changes M. Becker & J. Wingerden https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/3/032124
- A dynamic open-source model to investigate wake dynamics in response to wind farm flow control strategies M. Becker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1055-2025
- Wake Mixing Control For Floating Wind Farms: Analysis of the Implementation of the Helix Wake Mixing Strategy on the IEA 15-MW Floating Wind Turbine D. van den Berg et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2024.3432341
- Can Free Vortex Wake Methods simulate rotor-wake interactions in tandem floating offshore wind turbines? S. Cioni et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3224/8/082002
- Dynamic wind farm flow control using free-vortex wake models M. van den Broek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-721-2024
- Evaluation of the Geometric Configuration of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines Applied to a Packing House W. Okita & D. Lourençoni https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09571-9
- Modelling of Wind Turbines as Porous Disks for Wind Farm Flow Studies M. Catania et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052049
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Jul 2026
Short summary
As wind turbines produce power, they leave behind wakes of slow-moving air. We analyse three different models to predict the effects of these wakes on downstream wind turbines. The models are validated with experimental data from wind tunnel studies for steady and time-varying conditions. We demonstrate that the models are suitable for optimally controlling wind turbines to improve power production in large wind farms.
As wind turbines produce power, they leave behind wakes of slow-moving air. We analyse three...
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