Articles | Volume 9, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-533-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-533-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
12 Mar 2024
Review article |
| 12 Mar 2024
| 12 Mar 2024
A critical review of challenges and opportunities for the design and operation of offshore structures supporting renewable hydrogen production, storage, and transport
Claudio Alexis Rodríguez Castillo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
Baran Yeter
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
Shen Li
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
Feargal Brennan
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
Maurizio Collu
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, United Kingdom
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Adebayo Ojo, Maurizio Collu, and Andrea Coraddu
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-96, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
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This is a nouvelle work conducted to aid the expedition of the Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) technology to be as commercially viable as the fixed bottom foundation counterpart. This work is focused on the shape alteration of the FOWT platform within an optimization framework to reduce the cost of material for manufacturing the platforms; therefore, reducing the levelized cost of energy. This study also shows economics of scale further reduces the LCOE when the farm's size is increased.
Mareike Leimeister, Maurizio Collu, and Athanasios Kolios
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 259–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-259-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-259-2022, 2022
Short summary
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Floating offshore wind technology has high potential but still faces challenges for gaining economic competitiveness to allow commercial market uptake. Hence, design optimization plays a key role; however, the final optimum floater obtained highly depends on the specified optimization problem. Thus, by considering alternative structural realization approaches, not very stringent limitations on the structure and dimensions are required. This way, more innovative floater designs can be captured.
Peyman Amirafshari, Feargal Brennan, and Athanasios Kolios
Wind Energ. Sci., 6, 677–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-677-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-677-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
One particular problem with structures operating in seas is the so-called fatigue phenomenon. Cyclic loads imposed by waves and winds can cause structural failure after a number of cycles. Traditional methods have some limitations.
This paper presents a developed design framework based on fracture mechanics for offshore wind turbine support structures which enables design engineers to maximise the use of available inspection capabilities and optimise the design and inspection, simultaneously.
Related subject area
Thematic area: Electrical conversion, integration and impacts | Topic: Electrical conversion, grid integration, and Wind-to-X
Optimal position and distribution mode for on-site hydrogen electrolyzers in onshore wind farms for a minimal levelized cost of hydrogen (LCoH)
Electrostatic discharge impacts on the main shaft bearings of wind turbines
Optimizing offshore wind export cable routing using GIS-based environmental heat maps
Thorsten Reichartz, Georg Jacobs, Tom Rathmes, Lucas Blickwedel, and Ralf Schelenz
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 281–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-281-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-281-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The production of green hydrogen from wind power is a promising approach to store energy from renewable energy sources. This work proposes a method to optimize the design of wind–hydrogen systems for onshore wind farms in order to achieve the lowest hydrogen cost. Therefore, the electrolyzer position and the optimal hydrogen transport mode are calculated specifically for a wind farm site. This results in a reduction of up to 10 % of the hydrogen production cost.
Jian Zhao, Xiangdong Xu, and Ola Carlson
Wind Energ. Sci., 8, 1809–1819, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-1809-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The wind turbine's main bearing and its replacement are extremely costly. However, the main bearing is found to be electrically burned after a few years of operation. In this paper, a new pattern of the breakdown mechanism, the bearing current induced by electrostatic discharge (ESD), is studied. The analysis and test results prove that the ESD effect in wind turbines is a non-negligible source of the main shaft bearing current in wind turbines.
Joni Thomas Backstrom and Nicholas Mark Warden
Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-146, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2023-146, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for WES
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we used a combination of desktop studies, mapping, modeling and environmental impact assessment techniques to identify optimal offshore wind cable routes by navigating around sensitive or hazardous seabed areas. Similar methods can be adopted by other offshore industries during early planning phases to improve consenting, reduce costs, and importantly, minimize impacts to marine environments.
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Short summary
A detailed review of ocean renewable systems, with focus on offshore wind, for the offshore production of green fuels was conducted. Engineering tools and methodologies and their suitability for the design and operation of offshore H2 systems were reviewed. Distinct from wind electricity generation, the support platforms for offshore H2 systems involve additional requirements and constraints. Challenges and opportunities for the offshore H2 systems are discussed.
A detailed review of ocean renewable systems, with focus on offshore wind, for the offshore...
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